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Evolution

Question
CBSEENBI12001820
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What does the following equation represent? Explain
p2 + 2 pq + q2 = 1

Solution

The equation of  p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 represents the genotypic frequencies of a population, when it is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
According to this law, the frequency of occurrence of alleles of a gene in a population remains constant through generations unless disturbances, such as mutations and non-random mating, are introduced.
Individual frequencies are represented as p and q such as in a diploid, where p and q represent the frequency of allele A and a respectively. The sum total of all allelic frequencies is 1.

The frequency of genotypes, AA is p2, that of aa is q2 and that of Aa is 2pq.

Hence, p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1, which is the expansion of (p + q)2.

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