Describe the steps in the sequencing of human genome.

Solution

Sequencing of a Genome involved two major approaches :

1. Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) focussed on identifying all the genes that are expressed as RNAs.

2. Sequence Annotation involved simply sequencing the whole set of genome, that included all the coding and non-coding sequences and then assigning functions to different regions in the sequence.

HGP followed the second technique in which-

(i) The total DNA from the cell is isolated and converted into random fragments of relatively smaller sizes.

(ii) These fragments were then cloned in suitable hosts using specialised vectors; the commonly used hosts were bacteria and yeast and the vectors used were bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) and yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC).

(iii) The fragments were then sequenced using automated DNA sequences.

(iv) The sequences were then arranged on the basis of certain overlapping regions present in them; this required the generation of overlapping fragments for sequencing.

(v) These sequences were annotated and assigned to the respective chromosomes.

Some More Questions From Molecular Basis of Inheritance Chapter

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Molecular Basis Of Inheritance

Describe the steps in the sequencing of human genome.

Some More Questions From Molecular Basis of Inheritance Chapter

Suggest one evidence to prove that RNA was first genetic material.

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List three components of transcription unit.

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