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Chemical Bonding And Molecular Structure

Question
CBSEENCH11005785

Write the stability configuration of straight N subscript 2 superscript plus comma space space straight N subscript 2 superscript minus space space or space space straight N subscript 2 superscript 2 minus end superscript space ions and predict their bond order, stability and magnetic character. 

Solution

a) straight N subscript 2 superscript plusion: It is formed from straight N subscript 2 superscript plus a molecule by the loss of one electron. This electron will be lost from 2p7 orbital of nitrogen molecule.
(i) Electronic configuration:
  straight N subscript 2 superscript plus space space space space space space colon space space space space open square brackets KK space space space space left parenthesis straight sigma 2 straight s right parenthesis squared space space space space space space left parenthesis straight sigma asterisk times 2 straight s right parenthesis squared space space space left parenthesis straight pi 2 straight p subscript straight x right parenthesis squared space left parenthesis straight sigma 2 straight p subscript straight z right parenthesis to the power of 1 close square brackets
space space space left parenthesis ii right parenthesis space Bond space order colon space Here space straight N subscript straight b space equals space 7 comma space space space straight N subscript straight a space equals space 2
Bond space order space space equals space 1 half open square brackets straight N subscript straight b minus straight N subscript straight a close square brackets space equals space 1 half open square brackets 7 minus 2 close square brackets space equals space 5 over 2 space equals space 2.5
(iii) Stability:  As the bond order is positive, it is quite stable. 
(iv) Magnetic character: Since 2pz orbital has one unpaired electron, therefore it is paramagnetic.
(b) straight N subscript 2 superscript minus ion : It is formed by the gain of one electron by N2 molecule.
This electron will go to either straight pi to the power of asterisk times 2 straight p subscript straight x space space or space space straight pi 2 straight p subscript straight y orbital of N2 each of which is empty.
(i) Electronic configuration.
straight N subscript 2 superscript 2 minus end superscript colon space space open square brackets KK left parenthesis straight sigma 2 straight s right parenthesis squared space left parenthesis straight sigma to the power of asterisk times 2 straight s right parenthesis squared space left parenthesis straight pi 2 straight p subscript straight x right parenthesis squared space left parenthesis straight pi 2 straight p subscript straight z right parenthesis squared space left parenthesis straight sigma 2 straight p subscript straight z right parenthesis squared space left parenthesis straight pi to the power of asterisk times 2 straight p subscript straight x right parenthesis to the power of 1 close square brackets
(ii) Bond order: Here Nb = 8;  Na = 3
Bond space order space equals space 1 half open square brackets straight N subscript straight b space minus space straight N subscript straight a close square brackets space equals space 1 half open square brackets 8 minus 3 close square brackets space equals space 5 over 2 space equals space 2.5
(iii) Stability. Bond order being positive, N2 is quite stable.
(iv) Magnetic character Due to the presence of an unpaired electron in straight pi*2px orbital, it is paramagnetic.
(c) straight N subscript 2 superscript 2 minus end superscript ion: It is formed when molecule gains two electrons,
(i) Electronic configuration
straight N subscript 2 superscript 2 minus end superscript space colon space space open square brackets KK space left parenthesis straight sigma 2 straight s right parenthesis squared space left parenthesis straight sigma to the power of asterisk times 2 straight s right parenthesis squared space left parenthesis straight pi 2 straight p subscript straight x right parenthesis squared space left parenthesis straight pi 2 straight p subscript straight y right parenthesis squared space left parenthesis straight sigma 2 straight p subscript straight z right parenthesis squared space left parenthesis straight pi to the power of asterisk times 2 straight p subscript straight x right parenthesis to the power of 1 left parenthesis straight pi asterisk times 2 straight p subscript straight y right parenthesis to the power of 1 close square brackets
(ii) Bond order:  Here Nb = 8;   Na = 4
Bond space order space equals space 1 half open square brackets straight N subscript straight b space minus space straight N subscript straight a close square brackets space space equals space 1 half open square brackets 8 minus 4 close square brackets space equals 4 over 2 space equals space 2
(iii) Stability. Since bond order is positive, it is quite stable.
(iv) Magnetic character: As it has two unpaired electrons one each in straight pi to the power of asterisk times 2 straight p subscript straight x space and space straight pi to the power of asterisk times 2 straight p subscript straight y orbitals, it is paramagnetic.