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Chemical Bonding And Molecular Structure

Question
CBSEENCH11005777

Define bond order. What informations are conveyed by bond order?

Solution

Bond order may be defined as half the difference between number of electrons in bonding molecular orbitals and the number of electrons in antibonding molecular orbitals, i.e., 
 space Bond space order space
space space equals space 1 half open square brackets straight N subscript straight b space minus space straight N subscript straight a close square brackets
straight N subscript straight b space equals space No. space of space electrons space in space bonding space space straight M. straight O. apostrophe straight s space
straight N subscript straight a space equals No. space of space electrons space in space antibonding space straight M. straight O. straight s.

Information conveyed by Bond Order:
(i) If the value of the bond order is positive, it indicates a stable molecule and if the value of the bond order is negative or zero, it means that the molecule is unstable and is not formed.
(ii) The dissociation energy of the molecule is directly proportional to the bond order of the molecule i.e. greater the bond order, greater is the bond dissociation energy.
(iii) Bond length of the molecule is inversely proportional to the bond order of the molecule i.e. greater the bond order, the shorter will be the bond length.
(iv) Knowing the bond order, the number of covalent bonds between the atoms in the molecule can be predicted. Bond order of a molecule is equal to the number of covalent bonds between the atoms in the molecule.
(v) If the bond order is fractional, the molecule will definitely be paramagnetic. However, if the bond order is the whole number, the molecule may or may not be paramagnetic.