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Structure Of Atom

Question
CBSEENCH11005357

How will you account for the electronic configuration of the elements with atomic number of 24 and 29?
Or
Account for the following:
The continuous building up of 3d subshell interpreted in chromium (At. No. 24) and copper (At No. 29).
Or
Outer electronic configuration of chromium is 3d5 4s1 and not 3d4 4s2. Explain.

Solution

Atomic number (24):
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The above configuration is less symmetrical and also less stable because four 3d orbtials are half killed while one is empty. But the actual electronic configuration of chromium is:

Since all the five 3d orbitals are half filled so this configuration is more symmetrical and also more stable.
(ii) Atomic number (29)
space Cu presubscript space 29 end presubscript semicolon space 1 straight s squared 2 straight s squared 2 straight p to the power of 6 3 straight s squared 3 straight p to the power of 6 4 straight s squared 3 straight d to the power of 9 space space space left parenthesis Expected right parenthesis
space space or space space open square brackets Ar close square brackets space 4 straight s squared space 3 straight d to the power of 9
But the actual electronic configuration of copper is

 i.e. all the 3d orbitals get completely filled and 4s orbital is exactly half filled. Hence this configuration is more symmetrical and also more stable.