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Some Basic Concepts Of Chemistry

Question
CBSEENCH11005065

Balance the given skeletion equation straight P subscript 4 plus HNO subscript 3 space rightwards arrow space space straight H subscript 3 PO subscript 4 plus NO subscript 2 plus straight H subscript 2 straight O by partial equation method.

Solution

It involves the following steps:
(i) Nitric acid decomposes to liberate nascent oxygen.
2 HNO subscript 3 space rightwards arrow space space 2 NO subscript 2 plus straight H subscript 2 straight O space plus straight O                     ...(1)
(ii) Nascent oxygen reacts with phosphorus to form phosphorus pentoxide.
straight P subscript 4 plus straight O space rightwards arrow space space straight P subscript 2 straight O subscript 5                            ...(2)
(iii) straight P subscript 2 straight O subscript 5 dissolves in water to form phosphoric acid.
straight P subscript 2 straight O subscript 5 plus straight H subscript 2 straight O space rightwards arrow space straight H subscript 3 PO subscript 4                    ...(3)
Balancing the partial equations by hit and trial methods,
                       2 HNO subscript 3 space space rightwards arrow space space space 2 NO subscript 2 plus straight H subscript 2 straight O space plus straight O space space space space space space space space... left parenthesis 4 right parenthesis
          straight P subscript 4 plus 10 straight O space rightwards arrow space space 2 straight P subscript 2 straight O subscript 5                                   ...(5)
    straight P subscript 2 straight O subscript 5 plus 3 straight H subscript 2 straight O space rightwards arrow space 2 straight H subscript 3 PO subscript 4                                  ...
(6)
Multiplying the partial equations (4) and (6) by 10 and 2 respectively and adding all the three equations, we have,
     open square brackets 2 HNO subscript 3 space rightwards arrow space space 2 NO subscript 2 plus straight H subscript 2 straight O space plus straight O close square brackets space cross times space 10
straight P subscript 4 plus 10 straight O space rightwards arrow space space 2 straight P subscript 2 straight O subscript 5
open square brackets straight P subscript 2 straight O subscript 5 plus 3 straight H subscript 2 straight O space space rightwards arrow space space space space 2 straight H subscript 3 PO subscript 4 close square brackets space cross times space 2
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straight P subscript 4 plus 20 HNO subscript 3 space rightwards arrow space 4 straight H subscript 3 PO subscript 4 plus 20 NO subscript 2 plus 4 straight H subscript 2 straight O