Question
Explain the following with suitable examples:
(i) Word root (ii) Prefix (iii) Suffix
Solution
(i) Word root:The word root represents the number of the carbon atoms present in the chain. Depending upon the number of carbons in the longest chain, the compound is assigned a word root as:
(ii) Prefix. There are many groups (called substituents) which are not regarded as functional groups in the IUPAC names of a compound. These are called prefixes. These are put before the word root. Some of the prefixes are given below:
(iii) Suffix: The word root is linked to suffix which may be primary followed by secondary.
(a) Primary suffix: A primary suffix is added after the word root to indicate the nature of carhon-carhon bonds. These are piven below:
|
Chain length |
Word root |
Chain length |
Word root |
|
C1 |
Meth |
C6 |
Hex |
|
C2 |
Eth |
C7 |
Hept |
|
C3 |
Prop |
C8 |
Oct |
|
C4 |
But |
C9 |
Non |
|
C5 |
Pent |
C10 |
Dec |
(ii) Prefix. There are many groups (called substituents) which are not regarded as functional groups in the IUPAC names of a compound. These are called prefixes. These are put before the word root. Some of the prefixes are given below:
(iii) Suffix: The word root is linked to suffix which may be primary followed by secondary.
(a) Primary suffix: A primary suffix is added after the word root to indicate the nature of carhon-carhon bonds. These are piven below:
|
Nature of bond |
Primary suffix |
General name |
|
C–C single bond |
–ane |
Alkane |
|
C = C double bond |
–ene |
Alkene |
|
C≡ C triple bond |
–yne |
Alkyne |
(b) Secondary suffix: A secondary suffix is added after the primary suffix to indicate the nature of the functional group. These are given below:
