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Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles And Techniques

Question
CBSEENCH11007479

Define Position isomerism and Functional isomerism.

Solution
Position isomerism: When the same molecular formula represents two or more compounds which differ in the position of the same functional group, then such compounds are called position isomers and the phenomenon is called position isomerism. For example,
left parenthesis straight i right parenthesis space straight C subscript 4 straight H subscript 8 space represents space two space position space isomers.
space space space space space space space CH subscript 2 space equals space stack CH space minus space CH subscript 2 with But minus 1 minus ene below space minus space CH subscript 3
space space space space space space space space space CH subscript 3 space minus space CH space equals space CH minus CH subscript 3
space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space But minus 2 minus ene space space space space space space space

left parenthesis ii right parenthesis space straight C subscript 4 straight H subscript 6 space represents space two space position space isomers.
space space space space space HC identical to straight C space minus space CH subscript 2 space minus space CH subscript 3
space space space space space space space space space space space space But minus 1 minus yne
CH subscript 3 space minus straight C identical to space straight C minus CH subscript 3
space space space space space space space space space space space space But minus 2 minus yne
left parenthesis iii right parenthesis space straight C subscript 3 straight H subscript 7 Cl space represents space two space position space isomers.

Functional isomerism: When the same molecular formula represents two or more compounds which differ in the presence of different functional groups, then such compounds are called functional isomers and the phenomenon is called functional isomerism. For example.