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Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles And Techniques

Question
CBSEENCH11007446

Discuss the shape of acetylene (first member of alkyne).

Solution
In acetylene molecule, each carbon atom undergoes sp hybridization. One sp hybrid orbital of one carbon atom overlaps axially with one sp hybrid orbital of the other carbon atom to form sigma (σ;) C – C bond. The remaining sp hybrid orbital of each carbon atom overlaps axially with 1s orbital of hydrogen atom to form sigma (σ;) C – H bonds. The unhybridised) py orbitals from the two carbon atoms overlap sidewise to form a straight pi bond. Similarly, the unhybridised 2pz orbitals from the two carbon atoms overlap sidewise to form one more straight pi; bond.
The two straight pi;  bonds lie in a plane at right angles to each other and each straight pi; bond consists of two straight pi; electron clouds. The electron cloud of one space space straight pi; bond is considered to lie above and below the line joining the carbon atoms. Thus, the four straight pi; electron clouds overlap and merge to form a single cylindrical cloud about the internuclear axis. 

The – C ≡ C – bond in acetylene consists of one strong a bond (sp -sp) and two weak σ; bonds (p – p). The bond length of carbon-carbon triple bond is 120 pm (1.20 Å).
In acetylene, carbon atoms as well as hydrogen atoms lie along a line and each C – C – H bond angle is 180°. Thus, acetylene has a linear structure.