A.

nephron

A nephron is made of two parts Malpighian corpuscle and tubule. Tubule consists of Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT), loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule. 

The proximal tubule is the segment of the nephron in kidneys which begins from the renal pole of the Bowman's capsule to the beginning of loop of Henle. The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is a portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting tubule.

C.

semilunar valve

Dup (a second heart sound) occurred by closing the semilunar valve when high pressure developed in aorta and pulmonary artery tends to force some blood back towards the ventricle.

C.

stores and releases ADH and oxytocin

Posterior pituitary gland is the back portion of the pituitary. It is a small gland in the head called the master gland. It does not synthesize any hormone but stores and releases two hormones ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) and Oxytocin.

Antidiuretic hormone is released in response to a fall in the water content of blood plasma and leads to an increase in the permeability to water of the distal and collective tubules of the nephron in the kidney so that water is retained in the blood plasma.

Oxytocin causes contraction of the uterus during birth and the ejection of milk from the nipple.

C.

sphygmomanometer

Sphygmomanometer, commonly called blood pressure apparatus, is an instrument for measuring blood pressure.

Electrocardiograph is a machine used for electrocardiography.

X- rays are a type of radiation called electromagnetic waves.

Electroencephalograph is a machine used for electroencephalography.

A.

pace maker

Cardiac impulse (heart beat) normally originate from the pace-maker (SA node).