C.

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a condition in which loss of vision occurs because of an abnormally high pressure in the eye. This is also known as primary glaucoma and is of two types- acute and chronic simple.

1. Acute or Angle- closure Glaucoma- There is an abrupt rise in pressure due to sudden closure of the angle between cornea and iris.
2. Chronic Simple or Open- angle Glaucoma- Pressure increases gradually, without producing painand the visual loss is insidious.

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by viruses, toxic substance or immunological abnormalities.

Measles or Rubeola disease is an acute infectious eruptive viral disease of childhood caused by specific virus of the group myxoviruses. It is the infection of respiratory tract and conjunctiva which is transmitted by contact, fomite and droplet methods.

Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchi.

C.

Night blindness is the inability to see in dim light or at night. It is due to disorder of the cells in the retina that are responsible for vision in dim light and can result from dietary deficiency of vitamin A (retinol).

D.

Lamprey

Lamprey (or Petromyzon) belongs to class cyclostomata. The lamprey has about 1m long greenish brown, cylindrical body with smooth, scaleless, slimy skin; anterior circular, jawless mouth; a single dorsal naris; seven pairs of circular gill slits; 2 dorsal tins and a tail tin. It's life cycle includes two quite different phases. The larval phase (called ammocoete) is a fresh water sedentary, filter feeding and microphagus creature reminiscent of the lancet. The fish like adult lives in the sea and is parasitic on fishes.

A.

retina

The black pigment in the eye which reduces the internal reflection is known as retina. It is the inner most coat of the eyeball and it is a thin, light sensitive nervous layer. The external coat of the eyeball is known as sclerotic but in front of the sclerotic, there is a transparent connective tissue called cornea. Iris is the pigmented part present in front of choroid.

A.

Oxytocin is a hormone that causes both contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus during birth and expulsion of milk from the mammary glands during suckling. It is produced in the neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus but is stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.

Glucagon is a hormone, secreted by the $\mathrm{\alpha }$ (or A) cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, that increases the concentration of glucose in the blood by stimulating the metabolic breakdown of glycogen. It thus antagonizes the effects of insulin.

Adrenaline (epinephrine) is a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands, that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing to prepare the body for 'fright, flight, or fight'. At the same time it inhibits digestion and excretion.

Thyroxine is secreted by thyroid gland. It controls the rate of all metabolic processes in the body and influence physical development and activity of the nervous system.