Factors responsible for the decline in sex ratio in India:
 (i)  Sex specific abortion - foeticide.
(ii)  Female infanticide.
(iii) Preference for male child
(iv) Severe neglect of infants -girls.

A social group consisting of collection of families and lineages based on shared ties of
kinship, ethnicity, and common history of territorial – political organization.

Changes due to marketization:
(i) Removal of economic controls (deregulations)
(ii) Privatization of industries
(iii) Removing of government control over wages and prices
(iv) Lead to better economic growth

(i) In democratic politics, it is always possible to convert a numerical majority into political power through elections.
(ii) The dominant majority uses the state machinery to suppress the religious or cultural institutions of the minorities; forcing them to abandon their distinctive identity.

Reasons for the setback of the Family planning programme during Emergency:
(i) Introduction of a coercive programme of mass sterilization. 
(ii) A vast number of mostly poor and powerless people were forcibly sterilized. Sterilization refers to medical procedures like a vasectomy for men and tubectomy for women which prevent conception and childbirth.
(iii) There was massive pressure on lower level government officials( school teachers or office workers) to bring people for sterilization in the family planning camps; that were organized specially for this purpose.
(iv) However, There was widespread popular opposition to the programme. Ultimately, this programme was abandoned by the new government elected after the Emergency.