Features of Ascriptive Identity: 

1. They are determined by the accidents of birth and do not involve any choice on the part of the individuals concerned.
2. It is an odd fact of social life that people feel a deep sense of security and satisfaction in belonging to communities in which their membership is entirely accidental.

1. Language mixed with regional and tribal identity and not religion has, therefore, made the most powerful instrument for the making of ethno-national identity of India.
2. Sometimes, ethnicity based on tribal identity, language, regional deprivation and ecology gave the basis of intense regionalism resulting into statehood.

The 'Jajmani System' can be defined as the non-market exchange of produce, goods and services within the (north) Indian villages, without the use of money, based on the caste system and customary practices.

Social exclusion refers to ways in which individuals may become cut off from full involvement in the wider society. It focuses attention on a broad range of factors that prevent individuals or groups from having opportunities open to the majority of the population.

A proprietary caste group own most of the resources and can command labour to work for them in most parts of the country.