A geneticist interested in studying variations and patterns of inheritance in living beings refers to choose organisms for experiments with shorter life cycle because it allows them to study many generations of the organisms in a short span of time.

Euchromatin is the transcriptionally active region of chromatin in a nucleus.

Industrialization led to darkening of the tree trunks due to deposition of smoke and soot and increase in pollution. The dark colored moths were not attacked by the predators as they camouflaged against the dark bark of the trees while the white coloured moths were picked out by the predators. The lichen population also decreased due to the increase in pollution. 

X-rays are ionizing radiations that have adverse effects like they increase the chances of cancer by causing mutations.

Biopiracy is the use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and people concerned without compensatory payment.