Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the following question out of the four alternatives.

An upsurge of new research suggests that animals have a much higher level of brain- power than previously thought. If animals do have intelligence, how do scientists measure it? Before defining animals’ intelligence, scientists ‘defined what is not intelligence. Instinct is not intelligence. It is a skill programmed into an animal’s brain by its genetic heritage. Rote conditioning is also not intelligence. Tricks can be learned by repetition, but no real thinking is involved Cuing, in which animals learn to do or not to do certain things by following outside signals, does not demonstrate intelligence.
Scientists believe that insight, the ability to use tools and communication using human language are all effective measures of the mental ability of animals. When judging animal intelligence, scientists look for insight, which they define as a flash of sudden understanding. When a young gorilla could not reach fruit from a tree, she noticed crates scattered about the lawn near the tree. She piled the crates into a pyramid then climbed on them to reach her reward. The gorilla’s insight allowed her to solve a new problem without trial and error.
What is cuing in animals?

• Learning what is right and wrong by following signals

• Learning not to do things by following outside signals

• Learnig to do things by following outside signals

• Learning to do or not to do things by following outside signals

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the following question out of the four alternatives.

An upsurge of new research suggests that animals have a much higher level of brain- power than previously thought. If animals do have intelligence, how do scientists measure it? Before defining animals’ intelligence, scientists ‘defined what is not intelligence. Instinct is not intelligence. It is a skill programmed into an animal’s brain by its genetic heritage. Rote conditioning is also not intelligence. Tricks can be learned by repetition, but no real thinking is involved Cuing, in which animals learn to do or not to do certain things by following outside signals, does not demonstrate intelligence.
Scientists believe that insight, the ability to use tools and communication using human language are all effective measures of the mental ability of animals. When judging animal intelligence, scientists look for insight, which they define as a flash of sudden understanding. When a young gorilla could not reach fruit from a tree, she noticed crates scattered about the lawn near the tree. She piled the crates into a pyramid then climbed on them to reach her reward. The gorilla’s insight allowed her to solve a new problem without trial and error.
In the passage, scientists define insight as a

• an intuition

• a deep perception

• flash of sudden understanding

• thorough knowledge

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the following question out of the four alternatives.

An upsurge of new research suggests that animals have a much higher level of brain- power than previously thought. If animals do have intelligence, how do scientists measure it? Before defining animals’ intelligence, scientists ‘defined what is not intelligence. Instinct is not intelligence. It is a skill programmed into an animal’s brain by its genetic heritage. Rote conditioning is also not intelligence. Tricks can be learned by repetition, but no real thinking is involved Cuing, in which animals learn to do or not to do certain things by following outside signals, does not demonstrate intelligence.
Scientists believe that insight, the ability to use tools and communication using human language are all effective measures of the mental ability of animals. When judging animal intelligence, scientists look for insight, which they define as a flash of sudden understanding. When a young gorilla could not reach fruit from a tree, she noticed crates scattered about the lawn near the tree. She piled the crates into a pyramid then climbed on them to reach her reward. The gorilla’s insight allowed her to solve a new problem without trial and error.
What did the gorilla's insight allow her to do?

• Solve a problem without any mistake

• Solve a problem without trial and error

• Solve a problem step by step

• All of the above

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the following question out of the four alternatives.

In ancient times, a king had a boulder placed on a roadway. Then he hid himself and watched to see if anyone would remove the huge rock. Some of the kingdom’s wealthiest merchants and courtiers came by and simply walked around it.
Many loudly blamed the king for not keeping the roads clear, but none did anything about getting the stone out of the way. Then a peasant came along, carrying a load of vegetables. On approaching the boulder, the peasant laid down his burden and tried to move the stone to the side of the road. After much pushing and straining, he finally succeeded.
As the peasant picked up his load of vegetables, he noticed a purse lying in the road where the boulder had been. The purse contained many gold coins and a note from the king indicating that the gold was for the person who removed the boulder from the roadway.
The peasant learned what many others never understand: Every obstacle presents an opportunity to improve one’s condition.
............. attempted to remove the huge rock from the roadway.

• The King

• The peasant

• The courtier

• The merchant

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the following question out of the four alternatives.

In ancient times, a king had a boulder placed on a roadway. Then he hid himself and watched to see if anyone would remove the huge rock. Some of the kingdom’s wealthiest merchants and courtiers came by and simply walked around it.
Many loudly blamed the king for not keeping the roads clear, but none did anything about getting the stone out of the way. Then a peasant came along, carrying a load of vegetables. On approaching the boulder, the peasant laid down his burden and tried to move the stone to the side of the road. After much pushing and straining, he finally succeeded.
As the peasant picked up his load of vegetables, he noticed a purse lying in the road where the boulder had been. The purse contained many gold coins and a note from the king indicating that the gold was for the person who removed the boulder from the roadway.
The peasant learned what many others never understand: Every obstacle presents an opportunity to improve one’s condition.
The ............... did not blame the king for not keeping the roads clear.

• merchant

• courtier

• people

• peasant