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Social And Political Life Chapter 4 Understanding Laws

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    NCERT Solution For Class 8 Social Science Social And Political Life

    Understanding Laws Here is the CBSE Social Science Chapter 4 for Class 8 students. Summary and detailed explanation of the lesson, including the definitions of difficult words. All of the exercises and questions and answers from the lesson's back end have been completed. NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Understanding Laws Chapter 4 NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Understanding Laws Chapter 4 The following is a summary in Hindi and English for the academic year 2021-2022. You can save these solutions to your computer or use the Class 8 Social Science.

    Question 1
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    Write in your own words what you understand by the term the ‘rule of law’. In your response include a fictitious or real example of a violation of the rule of law.
    Solution
    The term the ‘rule of law’ means that all laws apply equally to all citizens and no one is above the law, not even the President of India. The law cannot discriminate between person on the basis of their religion, caste or gender. Any crime or violation of law has a specific punishment as well as a process through which the guilt of the person has to be established. Example of violation of the rule of law:

    (i)Driving a two-wheeler in a helmet is a law. But we find people often violating this law.

    (ii)Bribing an official is a crime. But it has become a practice nowadays. It is a complete violation of law.
    Question 2
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    State two reasons why historians refute the claim that the British introduced the rule of law in India.
    Solution
    Historians refute the claim that the British introduced the rule of law in India on several grounds, two of which are stated below:

    (i) The colonial rule was arbitrary. The British passed the Sedition Act in 1870. Under this Act any person protesting or criticising the British government could be arrested without trial.

    (ii) The Indian nationalists played a prominent role in development of the legal sphere in British India.
    Question 3
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    Re-read the storyboard on how a new law on domestic violence got passed. Describe in your own words the different ways in which women's groups worked to make this happen.
    Solution
    The different ways are described below:

    (i)When complaints by the victims of domestic violence increased, the need for a new law began to be felt.

    (ii)Different forums raised the issue of domestic violence.

    (iii)Lawyer Collective, a group of lawyers, law students and activists, after nationwide consultations, took the lead in drafting the Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Bill. This draft was widely circulated.

    (iv)The Bill was introduced in the Parliament in 2002.

    (v)The Bill was opposed by the women's group.

    (vi)A press conference was held in which a decision to start on-line petition was taken.
     
    (vii)Several women's organisations, National Commission for Women made submissions to the Parliamentary Standing Committee.

    (viii)In Dec 2002 the Parliamentary Standing Committee submitted its recommendations to the Rajya Sabha and these were also tabled in the Lok Sabha.

    (ix)The Committee's report accepted most of the demands of the women's group. Finally a new bill was introduced in the Parliament.

    (x)After being passed in both the Houses of the Parliament, it was sent to the President for his consent.

    The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act came into effect in 2006.
    Question 4
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    Write in your own words what you understand by the following sentences on page 44-45: They also began fighting for greater equality and wanted to change the idea of law from a set of rules that they were forced to obey, to law as including ideas of justice.
    Solution
    The Indian nationalists were fed up with the arbitrary use of authority by the British. They wanted to uproot it in order to bring equality. They made efforts to establish the rule of law by eliminating the colonial laws which were in no way justified.

    By the end of the nineteenth century, the Indian legal profession also began emerging and demanded respect in colonial courts. They began to use law to defend the legal rights of Indians. Indian judges also began to play a greater role in making decisions. Therefore, there were several ways in which Indians played a major role in the evolution of the rule of law during the colonial period.
     
    Question 5
    CBSEENSS8007731
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    Abuse of the woman includes

    • Verbal abuse

    • Sexual abuse

    • Economic abuse

    • All the above
    Solution

    D.

    All the above

    Question 10
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    All persons in independent India are _________ before the law.
    Solution

    equal

    Question 11
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    The colonial law was ____________.
    Solution

    arbitrary

    Question 12
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    Indian judges began to play a greater role in making ___________.
    Solution

    decisions

    Question 14
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    Powerful people can enjoy the right to violate the law.
    Solution
    A. FALSE
    Question 16
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    People cannot criticise the law passed by the Parliament.
    Solution
    A. FALSE
    Question 17
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    Hawkers and vendors provide essential services.
    Solution
    A. TRUE

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    Question 19
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    Match the following options:

    A. Local laws (i) A civil law
    B. The Sedition Act of 1870 (ii) Evolution
    C. Process of development (iii) Overlapping
    D. The Protection of women from (iv) Lead to conflict Domestic Violence Act
    E. Controversial laws (v) An arbitrary law

    Solution

    A.

    Local laws

    (i)

    Overlapping

    B.

    The Sedition Act of 1870

    (ii)

    An arbitrary law

    C.

    Process of development

    (iii)

    Evolution

    D.

    The Protection of women from

    (iv)

    A civil law

    E.

    Controversial laws

    (v)

    Lead to conflict Domestic Violence Act

    Question 20
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    Who is believed to introduce the rule of law in India?
    Solution

    It is often believed that it was the British colonialists who introduced the rule of law in India.

    Question 21
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    Write an example of British arbitrariness.
    Solution

    An example of British arbitrariness was the Rowlatt Act which allowed the British government to imprison people without due trial.

    Tips: -

    V. Imp.

    Question 22
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    Why was the Rowlatt Act an arbitrary law?
    Solution

    This Act allowed the British government to imprison people without trial.

    Question 23
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    Is the Protection of women from Domestic Violence Act a civil law or a criminal law?
    Solution

    The Protection of women from Domestic Violence Act is a civil law.

    Question 24
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    Why some laws passed by the Parliament are unpopular and unacceptable to some people?
    Solution

    It is because they feel that the intention behind such laws is unfair and harmful.

    Tips: -

    Imp.

    Question 25
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    What do the people criticise unfair laws passed by the Parliament?
    Solution

    They hold public meeting, write about it in newspapers, report to TV news channels etc.

    Question 26
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    Are all law passed by Parliament popular?
    Solution

    No. It can be unpopular too.

    Tips: -

    V. Imp.

    Question 27
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    What does the court do if it finds that laws don't adhere to the Constitution?
    Solution
    The courts modify or cancel laws if it finds that they don’t adhere to the Constitution.

    Tips: -

    V. Imp.

    Question 28
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    Describe the laws that existed in ancient India
    Solution

    In ancient India, there were innumerable and often overlapping local laws.

    Different communities enjoyed different degrees of autonomy in administering these laws among their own. In some cases, the punishment that two persons received for the same crime varied depending on their caste backgrounds, with lower castes being more harshly penalised.

    Tips: -

    V. Imp.

    Question 29
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    How was the Rowlatt Act protested by the Indian nationalists? How did the British respond?
    Solution
    Indian nationalists including Mahatma Gandhi were vehement in their opposition to the Rowlatt bills. In Punjab, protests against this Act continued quite actively and on April 10 two leaders of the movement, Dr Satyapal and Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew were arrested. To protest these arrests, a public meeting was held on 13 April at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar.


    General Dyer entered the park with his troops. They closed the only exit and without giving any warning General Dyer ordered the troops to fire. 



















    T

    Question 30
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    Describe the emergence of Indian legal profession.
    Solution

    By the end of the nineteenth century, the Indian legal profession also began emerging and demanded respect in colonial courts.

    They began to use law to defend the legal rights of Indians. Indian judges also began to play a greater role in making decisions. Therefore, there were several ways in which Indians played a major role in the evolution of the rule of law during the colonial period.

    Tips: -

    Imp.

    Question 31
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    Why our role as citizens does not end with electing our representatives?
    Solution
    Our role as citizens does not end with electing our representatives:

    Rather, it is then that we begin to use newspapers and the media to carefully chart the work that is being done by our MPs and criticise their actions when we feel it is required. Thus, what we should bear in mind is that it is the extent, involvement and enthusiasm of the people that helps Parliament perform its representative functions properly.

    Tips: -

    V. Imp.

    Question 32
    CBSEENSS8007758
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    Why the Sedition Act of 1870 was arbitrary?
    Solution

    Because any person protesting or criticising the British government was arrested without due trial.

    Question 33
    CBSEENSS8007759
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    Describe  “domestic violence”. 
    Solution
    Domestic violence refers to the injury or harm or threat of injury or harm caused by an adult male, usually the husband, against his wife. Injury may be caused by physically beating up the woman or by emotionally abusing her. Abuse of the woman can also include verbal, sexual and economic abuse.

    The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 extends the understanding of the term ‘domestic’ to include all women who ‘live or have lived together in a shared household’ with the male member who is perpetrating the violence
    Question 35
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    From the story board mentioned in textbook page 46, 47 and 48, can you list two different ways in which people lobbied Parliament?
    Solution

    Two ways in which people lobbied Parliament:

    (i) Debating 

    (ii) Submission of demand

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