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Resource And Development Chapter 5 Industries

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    NCERT Solution For Class 8 Social Science Resource And Development

    Industries Here is the CBSE Social Science Chapter 5 for Class 8 students. Summary and detailed explanation of the lesson, including the definitions of difficult words. All of the exercises and questions and answers from the lesson's back end have been completed. NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Industries Chapter 5 NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Industries Chapter 5 The following is a summary in Hindi and English for the academic year 2021-2022. You can save these solutions to your computer or use the Class 8 Social Science.

    Question 1
    CBSEENSS8007498
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    What is meant by the term ‘industry’?
    Solution

    Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with production of goods, extraction of minerals or provision of services.

    Question 2
    CBSEENSS8007499
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    Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?
    Solution

    The location of industries is affected by the availability of raw material, land, water, labour, power, capital, transport and market.

    Question 3
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    Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?
    Solution

    The iron and steel industry is referred to as the backbone of modern industry.

    This is because it is a “feeder” industry whose products are used as raw materials for other industries.

    Question 4
    CBSEENSS8007501
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    Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?
    Solution

    Cotton textile industry expanded rapidly in Mumbai  because of the presence of favourable conditions such as warm and moist climate, a port situated nearby to import machinery, availability of raw material and skilled labour.

    Question 5
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    What are the similarities between information technology industry in Bangalore and California?
    Solution
    The similarities between information technology industry in Bangalore and California are given below:

    (i) Educational and technological institutions: Bangalore has the largest number of educational institutions and IT colleges in India and Silicon Valley is also situated close to some reputed scientific and technological centres of the world.

    (ii) Environment: Both of Bangalore and Silicon Valley have low pollution levels and have a clean environment.
    Question 6
    CBSEENSS8007503
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    Silicon Valley is located in

    • Bangalore

    • California

    • Ahmedabad
    Solution

    B.

    California

    Question 8
    CBSEENSS8007505
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    Which one of the following is a natural fibre?

    • nylon

    • jute

    • acrylic
    Solution

    B.

    jute

    Question 9
    CBSEENSS8007506
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    Distinguish between the followings.

    Agro-based and mineral-based industry
    Solution

    Agro-based Industry

    Mineral-based Industry

    (i) Agro-based industries use plant
    and animal based products as their raw material.

    (ii)Examples of raw materials used: animal
    skin, crops.

    (iii)Examples of industries: leather industry,
    food processing.

    (i) Mineral-based industries use mineral ores as their raw material.

    (ii) Examples of raw materials used: iron ore,
    limestone.

    (iii)Examples of industries: iron and steel industry.
    Question 10
    CBSEENSS8007507
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    Distinguish between the followings.

    Public sector and joint sector industry
    Solution

    Public Sector Industry

    Joint Sector Industry

    (i) Public sector industries are owned and
    operated by the government.

    (ii)Examples: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.

    (i)Joint sector industries are owned and operated by the state and individuals or group of individuals

    (ii) Examples: Maruti Udyog Limited.
    Question 12
    CBSEENSS8007509
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    Give two examples of each the following.

    End products: _________________ and _______________.
    Solution

    Clothes that we wear

    ,

    a car

    Question 14
    CBSEENSS8007511
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    Give two examples of each the following.

    Agro-based industries: ___________ and _________.
    Solution

    Food processing

    ,

    leather industry

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    Question 27
    CBSEENSS8007524
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    On basis of raw materials used, industries are classified as ____________, ____________, ____________ and ____________.
    Solution

    agro-based

    ,

    mineral-based

    ,

    marine-based

    ,

    forest-based

    Question 31
    CBSEENSS8007528
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    The process of smelting is done in a _____________.
    Solution

    blast furnace

    Question 34
    CBSEENSS8007531
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    Silicon Valley is located near the ___________ Mountains.
    Solution

    Rocky

    Question 35
    CBSEENSS8007532
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    The leather industry is a agro-based industry.

    A.
    Solution
    A. TRUE
    Question 37
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    Milk dairies like Sudha Dairy are joint sector industries.
    Solution
    A. FALSE

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    Question 40
    CBSEENSS8007537
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    The iron and steel industry is a sunrise industry.
    Solution
    A. FALSE
    Question 41
    CBSEENSS8007538
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    While smelting, heating is done beyond melting point.
    Solution
    A. TRUE
    Question 42
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    Alloying with other elements changes the properties of steel.
    Solution
    A. TRUE
    Question 43
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    The nearest station to Sakchi steel plant was Kalimati.
    Solution
    A. TRUE
    Question 44
    CBSEENSS8007541
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    Match the following options:

    A. Silicon Valley (i) Mumbai
    B. Silicon Plateau (ii) California
    C. First successful textile mill (iii) Sakchi
    D. Initiation of TISCO (iv) Osaka
    E. Manchester of Japan (v) Bangalore  

    Solution

    A.

    Silicon Valley

    (i)

    California

    B.

    Silicon Plateau

    (ii)

    Bangalore

     

    C.

    First successful textile mill

    (iii)

    Mumbai

    D.

    Initiation of TISCO

    (iv)

    Sakchi

    E.

    Manchester of Japan

    (v)

    Osaka

    Question 45
    CBSEENSS8007542
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    Mention the three basis of classifying industries.
    Solution

    Industries are classified on the basis of raw material used, size and ownership.

    Question 46
    CBSEENSS8007543
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    Write the full form of AMUL?
    Solution

     Anand Milk Union Limited

    Question 47
    CBSEENSS8007544
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    Write the  four common processes involved in a textile industry.
    Solution

    Ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing are the processes involved in a textile industry.

    Tips: -

    Imp.

    Question 48
    CBSEENSS8007545
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    Write an industrial region of northern India.
    Solution

    The Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut region is an industrial region of northern India.

    Tips: -

    Imp.

    Question 49
    CBSEENSS8007546
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    What are the inputs of Iron and steel industry?
    Solution

    The inputs for iron and steel industry include raw materials such as iron ore, coal and limestone, along with labour, capital, site and other infrastructure.

    Question 50
    CBSEENSS8007547
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    What is produced in Jamshedpur plants?
    Solution

    Jamshedpur plants produce chemicals, locomotive parts, agricultural equipment, machinery, tinplate, cable and wire.

    Tips: -

    Imp.

    Question 51
    CBSEENSS8007548
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    Name the rivers that provide adequate water supply to Pittsburgh.
    Solution

    The Ohio, the Monogahela and Allegheny rivers provide adequate water supply to Pittsburg.

    Tips: -

    Imp.

    Question 52
    CBSEENSS8007549
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    Mention two natural fibres and two human-made fibres.
    Solution

    Two natural fibres: wool and jute

    Two human-made fibres: nylon and polyester.

    Question 53
    CBSEENSS8007550
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    Why the traditional cotton textile industry could not face the competition from the new textile mills of the West?
    Solution

    The production of hand woven cotton textile was expensive and time consuming. Hence, traditional cotton textile industry could not face the competition from the new textile mills of the West, which produced cheap and good quality fabrics.

    Tips: -

    V. Imp.

    Question 54
    CBSEENSS8007551
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    What industries have replaced the cotton  textile industry of Osaka?
    Solution

    The cotton textile industry of Osaka has been replaced by iron and steel, machinery, shipbuilding, automobiles, electrical equipment and cement industries.

    Tips: -

    Imp.

    Question 55
    CBSEENSS8007552
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    Why is Bangalore known as “Silicon Plateau”?
    Solution

    Bangalore is located on the Deccan Plateau, hence it is known as  ‘Silicon Plateau’.

    Tips: -

    V. Imp.

    Question 56
    CBSEENSS8007553
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    Classify industries on the basis of raw material used.
    Solution
    On the basis of raw material used, industries are classified into followings:


    (i)Agro based industries: It uses plant and animal based products as their raw materials. Food processing, vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy products and leather industries are examples of agro-based industries.

    (ii)Mineral based industries: These are primary industries that use mineral ores as their raw materials. The products of these industries feed other industries. Iron made from iron ore is the product of mineral based industry. This is used as raw material for the manufacture of a number of other products, such as heavy machinery, building materials and railway coaches.

    (iii)Marine based industries: It uses products from the sea and oceans as raw materials. Industries processing sea food or manufacturing fish oil are some examples.

    (iv)Forest based industries: This utilise forest produce as raw materials. The industries associated with forests are pulp and paper, pharmaceuticals, furniture and buildings
    Question 57
    CBSEENSS8007554
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    Make the classification of industries on basis of ownership with examples..
    Solution

    On the basis ownership industries are classified into private sector, public sector, joint sector and cooperative sector.

    (i)Private sector industries are owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals.

    (ii)The public sector industries are owned and operated by the government, such as Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and Steel Authority of India Limited.

    (iii)Joint sector industries are owned and operated by the state and individuals or a group of individuals. Maruti Udyog Limited is an example of joint sector industry.

    (iv)Co-operative sector industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. Anand Milk Union Limited and Sudha Dairy are a success stories of a co-operative venture.

    Question 58
    CBSEENSS8007555
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    What consists an industrial system? Explain with an example.
    Solution

    An industrial system consists of inputs, processes and outputs.

    The inputs are the raw materials, labour and costs of land, transport, power and other infrastructure. The processes include a wide range of activities that convert the raw material into finished products. The outputs are the end product and the income earned from it.

    In case of the textile industry the inputs may be cotton, human labour, factory and transport cost. The processes include ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing and printing. The output is the shirt you wear.

    Tips: -

    V. Imp.

    Question 59
    CBSEENSS8007556
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    How do industrial regions emerged? Mention the major industrial regions of the world and India.
    Solution

    Industrial regions emerge when a number of industries locate close to each other and share the benefits of their closeness.

    Major industrial regions of the world are eastern North America, western and central Europe, eastern Europe and eastern Asia.

    Industrial regions of India are Mumbai-Pune cluster, Bangalore-Tamil Nadu region, Hugli region, Ahmedabad-Baroda region, Chottanagpur industrial belt, Vishakhapatnam-Guntur belt, Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut region and the Kollam-Thiruvanathapuram industrial cluster

    Tips: -

    Imp.

    Question 60
    CBSEENSS8007557
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    Mention the features and significance of steel.
    Solution
    Steel is tough and it can easily be shaped, cut, or made into wire. Special alloys of steel can be made by adding small amounts of other metals such as aluminium, nickel, and copper. Alloys give steel unusual hardness, toughness, or ability to resist rust.


    Steel is often called the backbone of modern industry. Almost everything we use is either made of iron or steel or has been made with tools and machinery of these metals. Ships, trains, trucks, and autos are made largely of steel. 

    Tips: -

    V. Imp.

    Question 61
    CBSEENSS8007558
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    Why was Sakchi being chosen to set up the steel plant by TISCO?
    Solution

    Sakchi was chosen to set up the steel plant for several reasons.

    This place was only 32 km away from Kalimati station on the Bengal-Nagpur railway line. It was close to the iron ore, coal and manganese deposits as well as to Kolkata, which provided a large market.

    TISCO, gets coal from Jharia coalfields, and iron ore, limestone, dolomite and manganese from Orissa and Chhattisgarh. The Kharkai and Subarnarekha rivers ensured sufficient water supply. Government initiatives provided adequate capital for its later development.

    Tips: -

    Imp.

    Question 62
    CBSEENSS8007559
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    Write a note on cotton textile industry with historical aspects.
    Solution
    The cotton textile industry is one of the oldest industries in the world. The first successful modern textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854.

    India has a glorious tradition of producing good quality cotton textiles. Before the British rule, Indian hand spun and hand woven cloth already had a wide market. The Muslins of Dhaka, Chintzes of Masulipatnam, Calicos of Calicut and Gold-wrought cotton pieces of Burhanpur, Surat and Vadodara were known worldwide for their quality and design.

    But the production of hand woven cotton textile was expensive and time consuming. Hence, traditional cotton textile industry could not face the competition from the new textile mills of the West, which produced cheap and good quality fabrics.

    Tips: -

    V. Imp.

    Question 63
    CBSEENSS8007560
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    Write short notes on cotton textile industry in Osaka.
    Solution

    Osaka :

    (i)It is an important textile centre of Japan, also known as the ‘Manchester of Japan’. The textile industry developed in Osaka due to several geographical factors.

    (ii)The extensive plain around Osaka ensured that land was easily available for the growth of cotton mills. Warm humid climate is well suited to spinning and weaving.

    (iii)The river Yodo provides sufficient water for the mills. Labour is easily available. Location of port facilitates import of raw cotton and for exporting textiles.

    (iv)The textile industry at Osaka depends completely upon imported raw materials. Cotton is imported from Egypt, India, China and USA.

    (v)The finished product is mostly exported and has a good market due to good quality and low price.

     

    Question 64
    CBSEENSS8007561
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    Why does in industries disaster mainly occur? Explain With an example. 
    Solution
    In industries, disaster mainly occur due to technical failure or irresponsible handling of hazardous material.

    One of the worst industrial disasters of all time occurred in Bhopal on 3 December 1984 around 00:30 a.m. It was a technological accident in which highly poisonous Methyl Isocynate (MIC) gas along with Hydrogen Cyanide and other reaction products leaked out of the pesticide factory of Union Carbide. The official death toll was 3,598 in 1989. Thousands, who survived still suffer from one or many ailments like blindness, impaired immune system, gastrointestinal disorders etc.
    Question 65
    CBSEENSS8007562
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    What do you mean by being Banglored?

    Solution
    Being Bangalored means to lose one’s job to someone in the city of Bangalore. Few years ago many IT jobs in the USA were outsourced to countries like India where equally skilled labour was available at lower salaries.

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