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What is agriculture?
The science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops and rearing livestock.
Name the factors influencing agriculture.
Factors influencing agriculture are topography of soil and climate.
What is shifting cultivation? What are its disadvantages?
Shifting cultivation is the form of agriculture in which a plot of land is cleared by felling the trees and burning them. The ashes are then mixed with the soil and crops are grown. After the soil loses its fertility, the land is abandoned and the cultivator moves to a new plot.
It causes deforestation, soil erosion and are not viable on large scale.
What is plantation agriculture?
Plantation agriculture is a type of commercial farming where only a single crop (like tea, coffee, sugarcane, cashew, rubber, banana or cotton) is grown. Large amount of labour and capital are required. The produce is processed in the farm itself or nearby factories.
Name the fibre crops and name the climatic conditions required for their growth.
Two major fibre crops are jute and cotton.
Jute grows well on alluvial soil and requires high temperature, heavy rainfall and humid climate.
Cotton requires high temperature, light rainfall, two hundred and ten frost-free days and bright sunshine for its growth.
Horticulture means
growing of fruits and vegetables
primitive farming
growing of wheat
A.
growing of fruits and vegetables
Give reasons.
In India agriculture is a primary activity.
Agriculture is a primary activity. It includes growing crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers and rearing of livestock. In the world, 50 per cent of persons are engaged in agricultural activity. Two-thirds of India’s population is still dependent on agriculture.
This is due to lack of employment as the sucessive goverment in the country has failed to provide so.
Give reasons.
Different crops are grown in different regions.
Favourable topography of soil and climate are vital for agricultural activity. The land on which the crops are grown is known as arable land
In absence of arable land, growing crop becomes hard. Different crops are grown in different regions to meet suitable geographical location.
Distinguish between the followings.
Primary activities and secondary activities.
|
Primary Activities |
Secondary Activities |
|
(i) Primary activities include all those connected with extraction and production of natural resources. (ii)Examples: agriculture, fishing and gathering. |
(i)Secondary activities are concerned with the processing of these resources. (ii)Examples: manufacturing activities in |
Distinguish between the followings.
Subsistence farming and intensive farming.
|
Subsistence Farming |
Intensive Farming |
|
(i)This type of farming is practised to meet the needs of the farmer’s family. |
(i)In intensive subsistence agriculture the farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more labour. |
Which of these is a tertiary activity?
manufacturing wool
selling grocery
agriculture
none of these
B.
selling grocery
What is the breeding of fish known as?
agriculture
pisciculture
sericulture
viticulture
B.
pisciculture
Which form of farming is also called “slash and burn” agriculture?
subsistence farming
shifting cultivation
plantation
mixed farming
B.
shifting cultivation
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___________ and ___________ are two fundamental types of farming.
Subsistence farming
,commercial farming
In the thickly populated areas of monsoon regions of Asia, the major class of farming done is known as_________________.
intensive subsistence farming
_______ , ________ , ________ and ________ are animals commonly reared by nomadic herders.
Yak
,sheep
,goat
,camel
In ____________ land is used for growing food and fodder crops and rearing livestock.
mixed farming
The three major millets in India are __________ , _________ and _________.
jowar
,bajra
,ragi
Match the following options:
| A. Rice | (i) moderate temperature and rainfall during growing season |
| B. Wheat | (ii) low rainfall, high to moderate temperature |
| C. Millets | (iii) high temperature, high humidity and rainfall |
| D. Maize | (iv) moderate temperature, rainfall, bright sunshine |
| E. Cotton | (v) cool climate, well distributed high rainfall throughout the year |
| F. Coffee | (vi) 210 frost-free days |
| G. Tea | (vii) cool climate, well distributed high rainfall throughout the year |
A. Rice | (i) high temperature, high humidity and rainfall |
B. Wheat | (ii) moderate temperature and rainfall during growing season |
C. Millets | (iii) low rainfall, high to moderate temperature |
D. Maize | (iv) moderate temperature, rainfall, bright sunshine |
E. Cotton | (v) 210 frost-free days |
F. Coffee | (vi) cool climate, well distributed high rainfall throughout the year |
G. Tea | (vii) cool climate, well distributed high rainfall throughout the year |
What involves three basic types of economic activities?
This transformation from a plant to a finished product involves three types of economic activities.
Tips: -
Imp.
What are tertiary activities?
Tertiary activities are those which provide support to primary and secondary sectors through services.
Where are agricultural activities concentrated?
Agricultural activities are concentrated in those region of the world where suitable factors for the growing of crops exist.
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How is subsistence farming classified?
Subsistence farming is classified into intensive and primitive subsistence agriculture.
Mention the areas where nomadic herding is practised.
Nomadic herding is practised in the semi-arid and arid regions of Sahara, Central Asia and some parts of India, like Rajasthan and Jammu and Kashmir.
Describe mixed farming.
In mixed farming the land is used for growing food and fodder crops and rearing livestock. It is practised in Europe, eastern USA, Argentina, southeast Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.
Describe the feature of plantation agriculture.
Plantations are a type of commercial farming where single crop of tea, coffee, sugarcane, cashew, rubber, banana or cotton are grown. Large amount of labour and capital are required. The produce may be processed on the farm itself or in nearby factories. The development of a transport network is thus essential for such farming.
State the geographical conditions required for wheat.
Wheat requires moderate temperature and rainfall during growing season and bright sunshine at the time of harvest. It thrives best in well drained loamy soil.
Which countries are the leading producer of jute?
India and Bangladesh are the leading producers of jute.
Describe the three types of economic activities with examples.
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Mention the important inputs and outputs of agriculture along with the operations involved.
The important inputs are seeds, fertilisers, machinery and labour. The outputs from the system include crops, wool, dairy and poultry products.
Some of the operations involved are ploughing, sowing, irrigation, weeding and harvesting.
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Write the areas where shifting cultivation is practised and the crops grown.
Shifting cultivation is practised in the thickly forested areas of Amazon basin, tropical Africa, parts of southeast Asia and Northeast India.
The crops like maize, yam, potatoes and cassava are grown.
Tips: -
V. Imp.
State the climate conditions required for the cultivation of rice. Mention the leading producer of rice.
Rice is the staple diet of the tropical and sub-tropical regions. Rice needs high temperature, high humidity and rainfall. It grows best in alluvial clayey soil, which can retain water.
China leads in the production of rice followed by India, Japan, Sri Lanka and Egypt.
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What is meant by agricultural development? How can this be achieved?
Tips: -
V. Imp.
Name the two form of primitive subsistence agriculture.
Tips: -
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Explain commercial farming with its types.
Tips: -
Imp.
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