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Name any three common minerals used by you every day.
Three common minerals used by us in everyday are copper, iron and salt.
What is an ore? Where are the ores of metallic minerals generally located?
Rocks from which minerals are mined are known as ores. Ores of metallic minerals are found in igneous and metamorphic rock formations.
Which sources of energy would you suggest for
(a) rural areas (b) coastal areas (c) Arid regions
(a) rural areas- Biogas
(b) coastal areas- Tidal energy
Give five ways in which you can save energy at home.
One can save energy at home by:
(i) using of solar energy
(ii)using biogas as cooking fuel.
(iii)drying clothes in sunlight instead of electric dryers
(iv)witching off fans and lights when not required.
(v)using pressure cookers for cooking.
Which one of the following practices will Not conserve LPG in your kitchen.
Soaking the dal for some time before cooking it.
Cooking food in a pressure cooker.
Keeping the vegetables chopped before lighting the gas for cooking.
Cooking food in an open pan kept on low flame.
D.
Cooking food in an open pan kept on low flame.
Give reasons.
Environmental aspects must be carefully looked into before building huge dams.
This has led to inundation of low lying areas and destabilised wildlife.
Give reasons.
Most industries are concentrated around coal mines.
Presence of coal mines around industries reduces the costs of transportation and also ensures easy availability of coal.
Give reasons.
Petroleum is referred to as 'black gold'.
Petroleum is found between the layers of rocks and is drilled from oil fields located in off-shore and coastal areas. This is then sent to refineries which process the crude oil and produce a variety of products like diesel, petrol, kerosene, wax, plastics and lubricants.
Petroleum is called Black Gold as they are very valuable.
Give reasons.
Quarrying can become a major environmental concern.
It causes soil erosion and degradation of river banks.
Distinguish between the fallowings.
(i) Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.
|
Conventional Sources of Energy |
Non-conventional Sources of Energy |
|
(i) Conventional sources of energy are those that have been in use for a long time. (ii) Examples: Fossil fuels and firewood. |
(i) Non-conventional sources of energy causes environmental pollution. (ii) Examples: Solar energy, tidal energy. |
Distinguish between the fallowings.
Biogas and natural gas.
|
Biogas |
Natural Gas |
|
(i) Organic waste such as dead plant and animal material, animal dung and kitchen waste are converted into a gaseous fuel called biogas. (ii)Biogas is an excellent fuel for cooking and lighting and produces huge amount of organic manure each year. (iii)It is a non-conventional source. |
(ii)Natural gas is found with petroleum deposits and is released when crude oil is brought to the surface. (ii)It can be used as a domestic and industrial fuel. (iii)It is a conventional source. |
Distinguish between the fallowings.
Ferrous and nonferrous minerals
|
Ferrous Minerals |
Nonferrous Minerals |
|
(i) Ferrous minerals contain iron. (ii)They are magnetic. (iii)Example: iron ore. |
(i) Nonferrous minerals do not contain iron. (ii) They are non-magnetic. (iii)Example: limestone. |
Distinguish between the fallowings.
Metallic and nonmetallic minerals.
|
Metallic Minerals |
Non-metallic Minerals |
|
(i)Metallic minerals contain metals in raw form. (ii)Examples: Iron ore, bauxite. |
(i)Non-metallic minerals do not contain metals. (ii)Examples: limestone, gypsum. |
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Which of these is a non-metallic mineral?
iron ore
bauxite
limestone
manganese ore
C.
limestone
Which state is a major bauxite producing area?
Goa
Madhya Pradesh
Assam
Tamil Nadu
B.
Madhya Pradesh
Which of these is a conventional source?
coal
petroleum
natural gas
all of these
D.
all of these
Minerals can be extracted by __________, __________ or ______________.
mining
,drilling
,quarrying
Metallic minerals are generally found in ___________ and __________ rock formations.
igneous
,metamorphic
The mineral deposits in North America are located in three zones: _____________________________, the Appalachian region and the mountain ranges of the West.
the Canadian region north of the Great Lakes
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Match the following options:
| A. Australia | (i) Iron in Prince Charles Mountains |
| B. Antarctica | (ii) Leading producer of salt |
| C. India | (iii) Tidal mill farms |
| D. Leading producer of gold and diamond | (iv) Leading producer of gold and diamond |
| E. Manikaran, HP | (v) Geothermal plant |
A. Australia | (i) Leading producer of gold and diamond |
B. Antarctica | (ii) Iron in Prince Charles Mountains |
C. India | (iii) Leading producer of salt |
D. Leading producer of gold and diamond | (iv) Tidal mill farms |
E. Manikaran, HP | (v) Geothermal plant |
Differentiate between a rock and an ore.
A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals whereas an ore is a rock from which minerals are mined.
Define quarrying.
Quarrying is a process of extraction in which minerals lying near the surface are simply dug out.
Name the leading producers of tin in Asia.
China, Malaysia and Indonesia are leading producers of tin in Asia.
Name two areas in Australia which have large deposits of gold.
Two areas in Western Australia which have large deposits of gold are Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie.
Tips: -
Imp.
In which industry is silicon used and from where its obtained?
Silicon is used in the computer industry and is obtained from quartz.
Define mineral.
A naturally occurring substance that has a definite chemical composition is a mineral.
Why is coal referred to as buried sunshine?
The coal was formed millions of years ago when giant ferns and swamps got buried under the layers of earth. Coal is therefore referred to as Buried Sunshine.
Tips: -
V. Imp.
Why are petroleum and its derivatives called 'black gold'?
Petroleum and its derivatives are called Black Gold as they are very valuable.
Tips: -
V. Imp.
Write a note on natural gas.
Natural gas is found with petroleum deposits and is released when crude oil is brought to the surface. It can be used as a domestic and industrial fuel.
Russia, Norway, UK and the Netherlands are the major producers of natural gas. In India Jaisalmer, Krishna Godavari delta, Tripura and some areas off shore in Mumbai have natural gas resources. Very few countries in the world have sufficient natural gas reserves of their own
Which was the first country to develop hydroelectricity?
Norway was the first country to develop hydroelectricity.
Name some important hydel power stations in India.
Bhakra Nangal, Gandhi Sagar, Nagarjunasagar and Damodar Valley Projects are important hydel power stations in India.
Name the nuclear power stations in India.
Kalpakkam, Tarapur, Ranapratap Sagar, Narora and Kaiga are the nuclear power stations in India.
Mention the advantage of biogas.
Biogas is an excellent fuel for cooking and lighting and produces huge amount of organic manure each year.
Tips: -
V. Imp.
Describe the methods for extracting minerals.
The methods for extracting minerals are described below:
(i)Open cast mining: In this method minerals lying at shallow depths are taken out by removing the surface layer.
(ii)Shaft mining: In it deep bores (called shafts) are made to reach mineral deposits lying at large depths.
(iii)Drilling: Here deep wells are bored to take out minerals.
(iv)Quarrying: It is the process of extraction in which minerals lying very close to the surface are extracted just by digging them out.
Where are minerals found?
Minerals are not evenly distributed over space. They are concentrated in a particular area or rock formations. Some minerals are found in areas which are not easily accessible such as the Arctic ocean bed and Antarctica.
Tips: -
Imp.
Describe the mineral deposits in North America.
The mineral deposits in North America are located in three zones: the Canadian region north of the Great Lakes, the Appalachian region and the mountain ranges of the west. Iron ore, nickel, gold, uranium and copper are mined in the Canadian Shield Region, coal in the Appalachians region. Western Cordilleras have vast deposits of copper, lead, zinc, gold and silver.
What are the uses of minerals?
Minerals are used in many industries. Minerals which are used for gems are usually hard. These are then set in various styles for jewellery. Copper is another metal used in everything from coins to pipes. Silicon, used in the computer industry is obtained from quartz. Aluminum obtained from its ore bauxite is used in automobiles and airplanes, bottling industry, buildings and even in kitchen cookware.
How is hydroelectricity produced?
Rain water or river water stored in dams is made to fall from heights. The falling water flows through pipes inside the dam over turbine blades placed at the bottom of the dam. The moving blades then turn the generator to produce electricity which is called hydro electricity.
Tips: -
V. Imp.
Describe any three non-conventional sources of energy.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of non-conventional sources of energy.
Advantages:
(i)Non-conventional sources of energy are inexhaustible. They do not pollute the environment.
(ii)Nuclear power is emits large amounts of energy.
(iii)Non-conventional sources of energy are low cost and easy to operate.
Disadvantages:
(i)Wind mills are costly to set up and causes noise pollution.
(ii)Windmills disturbs radio and TV broadcast and are harmful to birds.
(iii)Nuclear energy generates radioactive waste. It is expensive too.
Name the leading producer of coal in the world.
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