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Which are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation?
Temperature and rainfall are two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation.
Rainfall influence rate of weathering and humus.
Write any two reasons for land degradation today.
Reasons for land degradation are:
(a)desertification
(b)expansion of agriculture and construction activities
Why is land considered an important resource?
Land is considered an important resource because it is used for different purposes such as agriculture, forestry, mining, building houses, roads and setting up of industries.
Name any two steps that government has taken to conserve plants and animals.
Steps taken by the government include establishment of natural parks and wildlife sanctuaries in different parts of India.
Suggest three ways to conserve water.
Which one of the following is NOT a factor of soil formation?
time
soil texture
organic matter
B.
soil texture
Which one of the following is NOT in favour of the conservation of nature?
switch off the bulb when not in use
close the tap immediately after using
dispose polypacks after shopping
C.
dispose polypacks after shopping
Match the following options:
| A. Land use | (i) prevent soil erosion |
| B. Humus | (ii) land suitable for agriculture |
| C. Rock dams | (iii) productive use of land |
| D. Arable land | (iv) organic matter deposited on top soil |
A. Land use | (i) productive use of land |
B. Humus | (ii) organic matter deposited on top soil |
C. Rock dams | (iii) prevent soil erosion |
D. Arable land | (iv) land suitable for agriculture |
Low-lying areas are susceptible to_______.
earthquakes
landslides
flooding
tsunamis
C.
flooding
Which of these physical features are best suited for living?
plains and river valleys
mountains
deserts
lakes and rivers
A.
plains and river valleys
Which of these is example of community land?
the Sunderban forests
a bungalow
the Parliament House
none of these
A.
the Sunderban forests
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What is the majority of land in India used for?
cultivation
pasture
forests
none of these
A.
cultivation
Soil becomes fertile due to the right mix of __________ and _______________.
minerals
,organic matter
Climate factors influencing rate of weathering include ___________ and ____________.
rainfall
,temperature
Match the following options:
| A. Terrace farming | (i) Protection from soil wash |
| B. Intercropping | (ii) Checking wind movement |
| C. Contour ploughing | (iii) Reducing surface run-off |
| D. Shelter belts | (iv) Retaining soil moisture |
| E. Mulching | (v) Preventiion of water to flow down the slope |
| F. Rock dams | (vi) Prevents gullies |
A. Terrace farming | (i) Reducing surface run-off |
B. Intercropping | (ii) Protection from soil wash |
C. Contour ploughing | (iii) Preventiion of water to flow down the slope |
D. Shelter belts | (iv) Checking wind movement |
E. Mulching | (v) Retaining soil moisture |
F. Rock dams | (vi) Prevents gullies |
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What are the reasons for the uneven distribution of population?
The uneven distribution of population in different parts of the world is mainly due to varied characteristics of land and climate.
Tips: -
V. Imp.
Mention any three purposes of land use.
Land is used for different purposes such as:
(i)agriculture,
(ii)forestry,
(iii)mining,
Which human factors determine land use pattern?
Human factors affecting land use pattern are population and technology.
Tips: -
Imp.
Define soil.
The thin layer of grainy substance covering the surface of the earth is called soil.
What makes the soil fertile?
The right mix of minerals and organic matter make the soil fertile.
Tips: -
Imp.
What does parent rock determine?
Parent Rock determines colour, texture, chemical properties mineral, content and permeability.
Mention the major two threat to soil as a resource.
Soil erosion and depletion are the major two threats to soil as a resource.
Tips: -
V. Imp.
What method of soil conservation is used in coastal and dry regions?
Shelter belts are used to protect the soil in coastal and dry regions.
Tips: -
Imp.
Why is the earth called the 'water planet'?
Threefourth’s of the earth’s surface is covered with water. It is therefore appropriately called the ‘water planet’.
In what forms fresh water is found?
Fresh water is found as ground water, as surface water in rivers and lakes and as water vapour in the atmosphere.
Name the process involved in rain formation.
The process involved in the formation of rain is called “water cycle”.
Name the regions of the world which has water scarcity.
The regions are: Most of Africa, West Asia, South Asia, parts of western USA, north-west Mexico, parts of South America and entire Australia.
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Imp.
Name the method to save surface run-off.
Water harvesting is a method to save surface run-off.
Why is the significance of vulture in the ecosystem?
Vulture due to its ability to feed on dead livestock is a scavenger and considered a vital cleanser of the environment.
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V. Imp.
Distinguish between evergreen and deciduous forest.
Evergreen forests do not shed their leaves simultaneously in any season of the year whereas deciduous forests shed their leaves in a particular season to conserve loss of moisture through transpiration.
Suggest ways for wildlife conservation.
Awareness programmes like social forestry and Vanamohatasava should be encouraged at the regional and community level.
School children should be encouraged for bird watching and visiting nature camps so that they appreciate the habitat of varied species
What have caused large scale destruction of forest cover and arable land? Suggest some common methods to conserve land resource.
Growing population and their ever growing demand has led to a large scale destruction of forest cover and arable land.
Afforestation, land reclamation, regulated use of chemical pesticide and fertilisers and checks on overgrazing are some of the common methods to conserve land resource.
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Imp.
Define 'Weathering'.
The breaking up and decay of exposed rocks, by temperature changes, frost action, plants, animals and human activities is known as weathering.
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V. Imp.
Describe the various usage of water.
Humans use huge amounts of water not only for drinking and washing but also in the process of production. Water for agriculture, industries, generating electricity through reservoirs of dams are the other usages.
Tips: -
V. Imp.
'Wildlife are integral to maintaining balance in the ecosystem'. Explain.
Wildlife includes animals, birds, insects as well as the aquatic life forms.
They provide us milk, meat, hides and wool. Insects like bees provide us honey, help in pollination of flowers and have an important role to play as decomposers in the ecosystem. The birds feed on insects and act as decomposers as well. Vulture due to its ability to feed on dead livestock is a scavenger and considered a vital cleanser of the environment.
Hence, animals big or small, all are integral to maintaining balance in the ecosystem.
Tips: -
Imp.
Mention the major vegetation types of the world. Describe their distribution with characteristics.
The major vegetation types of the world are grouped as forests, grasslands, scrubs and tundra.
(i)In areas of heavy rainfall, huge trees may thrive. The forests are thus associated with areas having abundant water supply. As the amount of moisture decreases the size of trees and their density reduces.
(ii)In the regions of moderate rainfall short stunted trees and grasses grow forming the grasslands of the world.
(iii)In dry areas of low rainfall, thorny shrubs and scrubs grow. In such areas plants have deep roots and leaves have thorny and waxy surface to reduce loss of moisture by transpiration.
(iv)Tundra vegetation of cold Polar Regions comprise of mosses and lichens.
Explain any five different methods of soil conservation.
Some common methods of soil conservation are explained below:
(i)Mulching: The bare ground between plants is covered with a layer of organic matter like straw. It helps to retain soil moisture.
(ii)Contour barriers: Stones, grass, soil are used to build barriers along contours. Trenches are made in front of the barriers to collect water.
(iii)Rock dam: Rocks are piled up to slow down the flow of water. This prevents gullies and further soil loss.
(iv)Terrace farming: These are made on the steep slopes so that flat surfaces are available to grow crops. They can reduce surface run-off and soil erosion.
(v)Intercropping: Different crops are grown in alternate rows and are sown at different times to protect the soil from rain wash.
Tips: -
Imp.
Tips: -
V. Imp.
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