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Our Past Iii Part Ii Chapter 10 The Changing World Of Visual Arts

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    NCERT Solution For Class 8 Social Science Our Past Iii Part Ii

    The Changing World Of Visual Arts Here is the CBSE Social Science Chapter 10 for Class 8 students. Summary and detailed explanation of the lesson, including the definitions of difficult words. All of the exercises and questions and answers from the lesson's back end have been completed. NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science The Changing World Of Visual Arts Chapter 10 NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science The Changing World Of Visual Arts Chapter 10 The following is a summary in Hindi and English for the academic year 2021-2022. You can save these solutions to your computer or use the Class 8 Social Science.

    Question 1
    CBSEENSS8007115
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    The art form which observed carefully and tried to capture exactly what the eye saw is called __________.
    Solution

    portrait

    Question 6
    CBSEENSS8007120
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    Why did the scroll painters and potters come to Kalighat? Why did they begin to paint new themes?
    Solution

    The scroll painters and potters came to Kalighat and settled there because this was a time when the city was expanding as a commercial and administrative centre. Colonial offices were coming up, new buildings and roads were being constructed, markets were being set up. The city appeared as a place of opportunity where people could come to make a new living.

    The scroll painters and potters too came came and settled in the city in the hope of new patrons and new buyers of their art.

    They began to paint new themes because values, tastes, social norms and customs were undergoing fast changes after the 1840s. They responded quickly to the world around and produced paintings on social and political themes.

    Question 7
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    Why can we think of Raja Ravi Varma’s paintings as national?
    Solution

    We can think of Raja Ravi Varma’s paintings as national because he painted theme from Indian mythology.

    He had dramatised on canvas, scene after scene from the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, drawing on the theatrical performances of mythological stories that he witnessed during his tour of the Bombay Presidency.

    Question 8
    CBSEENSS8007122
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    In what way did the British history paintings in India reflect the attitudes of imperial conquerors?
    Solution
    History painting sought to dramatise and recreate various episodes of British imperial history, and enjoyed great prestige and popularity during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.

    The British history paintings celebrated the British and their power and victories. Francis Hayman, in 1762, produced a history painting and placed on public display in the Vauxhall Gardens in London. The British defeated Sirajuddaulah in the famous Battle of Plassey and installed Mir Jafar as the Nawab of Murshidabad. This event was painted by Hayman in a way that made it clear that the British were more powerful than the Indians.


    Question 9
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    Why do you think some artists wanted to develop national style of art?
    Solution

    Some artists wanted to develop a national style of art because they had rejected the art of Ravi Varma as imitative and westernised. According to them, it was unsuitable for depicting the nation’s ancient myths and legends.

    They felt the need for a genuine Indian style of painting to draw inspiration from non-western art traditions, and try to capture the real spiritual essence of the East.

    Question 10
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    Why did some artists produce cheap popular prints? What influence would such prints have had on the minds of people who looked at them?
    Solution

    Some artists produced cheap popular prints so that even the poor could afford them. Such prints made mixed influences on the minds of those who saw them.

    For some, these prints were sentimental while for the others, spiritualism could not be seen as the central feature of the Indian culture. They felt that artists had to explore real life instead of illustrating ancient books. They must look for inspiration for living folk art and tribal designs rather than ancient art forms. As the debates continued, new movements of art grew and styles of art changed.

    Question 12
    CBSEENSS8007126
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    Mural painting means

    • Oil painting

    • Miniature painting

    • Wall painting

    • None of the above
    Solution

    C.

    Wall painting

    Question 13
    CBSEENSS8007127
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    Scroll painters were commonly known as

    • Kumhars

    • Kumors

    • Patuas

    • None of the above
    Solution

    C.

    Patuas

    Question 15
    CBSEENSS8007129
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    Samuel Bourne was a

    • Painter

    • Photographer

    • Historian

    • Biographer
    Solution

    B.

    Photographer

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    Question 21
    CBSEENSS8007135
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    Potters are known as Kumhars in north India.
    Solution
    A. TRUE
    Question 22
    CBSEENSS8007136
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    Tipu Sultan never encouraged local cultural traditions.
    Solution
    A. FALSE
    Question 23
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    In Company people are painted against empty spaces.
    Solution
    A. TRUE
    Question 24
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    Kalighat paintings depict British social life in India.
    Solution
    A. FALSE
    Question 25
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    Abanindranath Tagore appreciated the art of Raja Ravi Verma.
    Solution
    A. FALSE
    Question 26
    CBSEENSS8007140
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    Match the following options:

    A. Thomas Daniell and William Daniell (i) History painting
    B. Johann Zoffany (ii) Liked mural paintings
    C. Francis Hayman (iii) Picturesque landscape painting
    D. Tipu Sultan (iv) My Mother
    E. Abanindranath Tagore (v) Portrait painting

    Solution

    A.

    Thomas Daniell and William Daniell

    (i)

    Picturesque landscape painting

    B.

    Johann Zoffany

    (ii)

    Portrait painting

    C.

    Francis Hayman

    (iii)

    History painting

    D.

    Tipu Sultan

    (iv)

    Liked mural paintings

    E.

    Abanindranath Tagore

    (v)

    My Mother

    Question 27
    CBSEENSS8007141
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    What did the idea of realism mean?
    Solution

    This was a belief that artists observe carefully and defict faithfully what the eye see.

    Question 28
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    How did oil painting help artists?
    Solution

    Oil painting enabled artists to produce images that looked real.

    Question 29
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    How did picturesque landscape painting depict India?
    Solution

    This style of painting depicted India as a quaint land, to be explored by travelling British artists; its landscape was rugged and wild, seemingly untamed by human hands.

    Question 30
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    How were colonial portraits different from traditional Indian portraits?
    Solution

    Unlike the Indian tradition of painting portraits in miniature, colonial portraits were life-size images that looked lifelike and real.

    Tips: -

    Imp.

    Question 31
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    What do you know about Tipu Sultan artistics trait?
    Solution
    Tipu Sultan had resisted the cultural traditions associated with British. He continued to encourage local traditions, and had the walls of his palace at Seringapatam covered with mural paintings done by local artists.




    Tips: -

    Imp.

    Question 32
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    Who was Samuel Bourne and  when did he come to India?
    Solution

    Samuel Bourne was a photographer who came to India in the early 1860s.

    Question 33
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    What was Boume and Shephard?
    Solution

    Samuel Bourne had set up a photographic studio in Calcutta which came to be known as Bourne and Shephard.

    Question 34
    CBSEENSS8007148
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    What did Indian photographers  record?
    Solution

    Indian photographers recorded the nationalist marches and meetings as well as the everyday life of the people.

    Tips: -

    V.Imp.

    Question 35
    CBSEENSS8007149
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    Who was Raja Ravi Verma?
    Solution

    Raja Ravi Verma was one of the first artists who tried to create a style that was both modern and national. He belonged to the family of the Maharajas of Travancore in Kerala, and was addressed as Raja.

    Tips: -

    V. Imp.

    Question 36
    CBSEENSS8007150
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    What was the theme of Ravi Verma’s paintings?
    Solution

    The theme of Ravi Verma’s paintings was Indian mythology.

    Question 37
    CBSEENSS8007151
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    Among whom did the Ravi Verma's mythological paintings become rage?
    Solution

    Ravi Varma’s mythological paintings became the rage among Indian princes and art collectors, who filled their palace galleries with his works.

    Question 38
    CBSEENSS8007152
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    What did colonial rule introduce?
    Solution

    Colonial rule introduced several new art forms, styles, materials and techniques which were creatively adapted by Indian artists for local patrons and markets, in both elite and popular circles.

    Question 39
    CBSEENSS8007153
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    Describe the images that were being produced by the European photographers.
    Solution
    The images produced by the European photographers:

    (i)By the mid-19th century the European photographers began travelling to India, taking pictures, setting up studios and establishing photographic societies to promote the art of photography.

    (ii)Some photographers were portrait painters and they began taking photographs of imperial officials, presenting them as figures of authority and power.

    (iii)Other photographers toured the country in search for ruined buildings and picturesque landscapes. Yet others recorded moments of British military triumph.

    (iv)There were some photographers who recorded the cultural diversity of India in ways that showed India like a primitive country.

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    Question 40
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    What happened to the artists who earlier painted miniatures? How did the painters at Indian courts react to the new traditions of imperial art?
    Solution
    There were different trends in different courts.

    (i)In Mysore, Tipu Sultan not only fought the British on the battlefield but also resisted the cultural traditions associated with them. He continued to encourage local traditions. The walls of his palace at Seringapatam were covered with mural paintings done by local artists.

    (ii)In the court of Murshidabad, there was a different trend. Here in this court, after defeating Sirajuddaulah the British had successfully installed their puppet Nawabs on the throne, first Mir Zafar and then Mir Qasim. The court at Murshidabad encouraged local miniature artists to absorb the tastes and artistic styles of the British.

    (iii)Several local courts lost their influence and wealth with the establishment of British power in India. As a result, it became difficult for them to support painters and pay them to paint for the court. This compelled many of these artists turn to the British.

    (iv)The British officials found the world in the colonies different from that back home. They wanted images through which they could understand India, remember their life in India, and depict India to the western world.

    (v)The local painters, therefore, began producing a vast number of images of local plants and animals, historical buildings and monuments, festivals and processions, trades and crafts, castes and communities.

    Tips: -

    V. Imp.

    Question 41
    CBSEENSS8007155
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    Read the picture below and answer the questions that follow:


    (i) How is Clive portrayed in the first figure?

    (ii) What are the ways in which artist has depicted the victory of the British?

    (iii) Why is the British flag placed there?
    Solution

    (i)Clive is portrayed as being welcomed by Mir Zafar and his troops after the Battle of Plassey.
    (ii)The artist has depicted the British troops storming the fort of Tipu’s palace from all sides, cutting his soldiers into pieces, climbing the walls, raising the British flag aloft on the ramparts of Tipu’s fort.
    (iii)The British flag is placed to show the supremacy of the British power.

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