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The term development is generally used to describe the state of particular societies and the process of changes experienced by them. The concept of development is dynamic and has evolved in meaning during the second half of twentieth century. It was synonymous to economic growth which is measured in Gross National Product and per capita income.
A. What the term development is used for?
B. What is the concept of development?
C. ow is the economic growth measured?
A. It is used to describe the state of particular societies and the process of changes.
B. The concept of development is dynamic and has evolved in meaning during the second half of the 20th century.
C. In Gross National Product and per capita income.
Regional planning relates to :
Development of various sectors of economy.
Area specific approach of development.
Area differences in transportation network.
Development of rural areas.
A.
Development of various sectors of economy.
ITDP refers to which one of the following?
Integrated Tourism Development Programme
Integrated Travel Development Programme
Integrated Tribal Development Programme
Integrated Transport Development Programme.
C.
Integrated Tribal Development Programme
What are the social benefits of ITDP in the Bharmaur tribal region?
Define the concept of sustainable development.
The term development is generally used to describe the state of particular societies and the process of changes experienced by them. Development is a multi-dimensional concept and signifies the positive, irreversible transformation of the economy, society and environment.
Sustainable development takes care of ecological, social and economic aspects of development during the present times and pleads for the conservation of resources to enable the future generations to use these resources. It takes into account the development of whole humankind which have common future.
What are the positive impacts of irrigation on Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area?
Write short notes on drought-prone area programme and agro-climatic planning. How do these programmes help in the development of dryland agriculture in India?
Drought-Prone Area Programme :
This programme was initiated during the Fourth Five Year Plan with the objectives of providing employment to the people in drought-prone areas and creating productive assets to mitigate the effects of droughts. The emphasis was laid on integrated development of the area related irrigation project, land development programme, afforestation, grassland development and rural electrification etc.
Suggest the measures of promotion of sustainability in Indian Gandhi Canal Command Area.
What is planning?
Planning is the process of evolving a sequence of actions which are designed to solve problems in future.
State the aims of second five-year plan.
The aims of second five-year plan were:
1. Rapid industrialisation with particular emphasis on the development of basic and heavy industry.
2. Expansion of employment.
3. Reduction of inequality.
Name the states where tribal area development programmes were implemented.
The tribal area development programmes were started in Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand and Rajasthan.
State the immediate objectives of third five-year plan.
The immediate objectives were as followings:
“The outcome of India’s planned development is a mixed bag.”
Mention two achievements and two objectives which it would not achieve.
India could not fully attain designed goals of development planning. India can take pride in achieving.
(i) Self-sufficiency in food.
(ii) Expanding diversifying and dispersing of its industrial base.
But it could not receive:
1. The objective of growth with equity.
2. The ate of increase of income has been lower then the target.
What was the main objective to implement the fourth five year plan for the people in drought prone areas?
It was to provide employment and create productive assests.
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Where does the Indira Gandhi Canal originate ?
Harik at the confluence of Satluj and Beas rivers.
Why Bharmaur tribal region has the very low density of population?
Because Bharmaur tribal region has:
(i) harsh climate conditions,
(ii) low resource base and
(iii) fragile environment.
Which significant program was initiated in the fourth five-year plan?
Drought-prone area program.
State the two main objectives of the ‘Drought Prone Area Programme’ .
The objectives of the programme are:
Describe the necessity of planning for the development of a country.
Mention the special features of the annual plans during 1966-69.
Describe the salient features of the drought prone area programmes.
The main objects of the programme are to provide employment to the rural poor in drought prone areas. The rural areas were selected for development under this programme.
The salient features of drought prone areas are as described below :
When was Bharmaur region of Himachal Pradesh notified as a tribal area? State any five features of this region.
In 1970 the region of Bharmaur was notified as a tribal region.
Features of this region:
(i) It is a tribal region inhabited by Gaddi, a tribal community.
(ii) It is a hilly area.
(iii) This tribal region has a harsh climate.
(iv) This region has low resource base and fragile environment.
(v) It is one of the most backward regions of Himachal Pradesh.
How has the introduction of Indira Gandhi Canal irrigation in the dry lands of Rajasthan influenced the environmental conditions of the region positively? Describe.
“The target area planning is essential to reduce regional and social disparities in India.” Discuss with an example.
Target area planning:
(i) The implementation of target area planning is essential to eradicate the regional and social disparities in India. As India is the country of diverse culture with spatial distribution of resources, the states are not prepared to perform the functions of planning.
(ii) The target area planning is related to the development of agriculture and allied activities, rural and urban development, human development and resource development, which generate employment opportunities in that target area.
(iii) The hill area development programme has undertaken in the fifth five-year plan and under it, the Bharmaur tribal region has been developed.
Integrated area approach and local planning programmes have played an important role in reducing regional disparities in India. Justify.
Mention the reasons for deferring the fourth five-year plan.
Mention the schemes initiated during Fourth Five Year Plan.
The fourth plan initiated schemes such as:
(i) Marginal Farmer's Development agency
(ii) Drought Prone Area Programme
(iii) Pilot Intensive Rural Employment Scheme.
State any five objectives of the tenth five-year plan.
The tenth five-year plan was launched (2002-2007) with the following objectives : The chief objective of this plan was to achieve an annual growth rate of gross domestic products at 8% per annum. Other objectives were the following:
1. Doubling the per capita income in 10 years.
2. Improvement in quality of life of the people.
3. Reduction of poverty ratio from 26% to 21%.
4. Increase in productive employment.
5. Education for all children and by 2007 compulsory education for all.
Who headed the World Commission on Environment and Development People and Economy (WCED)?
Mention any five provisions of the Integrated Tribal Development Project implemented in Bharmaur region.
Distinguish between development and sustainable development.
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Development |
Sustainable Development |
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1. In this type of development attention is paid for fulfilling the needs of present generation. 2. Much attention is not paid towards conservation of renewable resources. 3. Special emphasis is not given on control of environmental pollution in this type of development. 4. Special attention is not paid towards scientific management of resources in this type of development. 5. It is an old concept of development. |
1. In this type of development attention is paid towards fulfilling the needs of present as well as future generations. 2. Full attention is paid towards the reproduction and promotion of renewable resources e.g. forest, fisheres. 3. In this development environment is taken as a resource and hence all measures are adopted to make it pollution free and healthy. 4. Special attention is paid towards continuity of resources and their scientific management. 5. It is comparatively a new concept of development. |
Differentiate between Economic Region and Planning Region.
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Economic Region |
Planning Region |
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1. An economic region is a segment of the territory representing the national economy. 2. Economic regions are delimited on the basis of homogeneity of resources and their utilisation. 3. Natural can be the basis of economic regions due to the uniformity of natural conditions and natural resources. 4. The rate of economic development is not same in the economic regions due to dynamic nature of technology. |
1. A planning region is a segment of territory over which economic divisions apply. 2. The planning regoins coincide with the administrative regions because statistical data is collected on at the level of administrative division. 3. A planning region should have fairly homogeneous geographical and sociological factors. 4. Planning regions are contiguous area unit. It is a multi-purpose unit. |
State the social benefits of ITDP.
How much land be irrigated in drought prone areas?
less than 60%
less than 30%
less than 10%
less than 20%
B.
less than 30%
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From which barrage Indira Gandhi Canal is taken out?
Harike Pallon
Bhakra
Nangal
Haridwar
A.
Harike Pallon
How has the ‘Integrated Tribal Development Project’ helped in the development of Bharmaur Region? Explain with five examples.
This area development plan was aimed at improving the quality of life of the Gaddis and narrowing the gap in the level of development between Bharmaur and other areas of Himachal Pradesh.
(i) This plan laid the highest priority on development of transport and communications, agriculture and allied activities, and social and community services.
(ii) The most significant contribution of tribal sub plan in Bharmaur region is the development of infrastructure in terms of schools, health care facilities, potable water, roads, communications and electricity.
(iii) The social benefits derived from ITDP include tremendous increase in literacy rate, improvement in sex ratio and decline in child marriage.
(iv) The female literacy rate in the region increased from 1.88 per cent in 1971 to 65 per cent in 2011. The difference between males and females in literacy level i.e. gender inequality, has also declined.
(v) Traditionally, the Gaddis had subsistence agricultural-cum-pastoral economy having emphasis on foodgrains and livestock production. But during the last three decades of twentieth century, the cultivation of pulses and other cash crops has increased in Bharmaur region.
‘‘The concept of development cannot be restricted to the economic sphere alone.’’ What values can convert this concept of development into sustainable development? Explain.
Values for sustainable development other than the economic sphere:
(i) Improvement in the well-being and living standard of the people.
(ii) Availability of health care for all.
(iii) Education and equality of opportunity for all.
Examine the twin environmental problems that have emerged in the ‘Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area’.
The twin environmental problems that have emerged in the ‘Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area’ are-:
i. Water logging
ii. Soil salinity
The intensive irrigation and excessive use of water has led to the emergence of twin environmental problems of Water logging and Soil salinity in the Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area.
Mention any four major objectives of the New Industrial Policy, 1991 of India. Describe the role of globalisation in achieving these objectives.
Major objectives of the New Industrial Policy 1991 :-
i. To build on the gains already made,
ii. Correct the distortions or weakness that have crept in.
iii. Maintain a sustained growth in productivity.
iv. Gainful employment and attain international competitiveness.
Role of Globalisation:-
(1) opening of the economy to foreign direct investment by providing facilities to foreign companies to invest in different fields of economies activity in India
(2) removing restrictions and obstacles to the entry of multinational companies in India.
(3) allowing Indian companies to enter into foreign collaboration in India and also encouraging them to set up joint ventures abroad.
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