NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Help.html Politics In India Since Independence Chapter 1 Challenges Of Nation Building

• Partition of India was the outcome of the “two-nation theory”.
• Punjab and Bengal were the two provinces divided on the basis of religion.
• East Pakistan and West Pakistan were not contiguous.
• The scheme of Partition included a plan for transfer of population across the border.

(a) Junagadh (b) Manipur

(c) Mysore (d) Gwalior

Bismay : “The merger with the Indian State was an extension of democracy to the people of the Princely. States”.

Inderpreet: “I am not so sure, there was force being used. Democracy comes by creating consensus”.

What is your own opinion in the light of accession of Princely States and the responses of the people in these parts ?

“Today you have worn on your heads a crown of thorns. The seat of power is a nasty thing. You have to remain ever wakeful on that seat...... you have to he more humble and forbearing... now there will be no end to your being tested. ” – M.K Gandhi

“... India will awake to a life of freedom....we step out from the old to the new...we end today a period of ill fortune and India discovers herself again. The achievement we celebrate today is but a step, an opening of opportunity... ” – Jawaharlal Nehru

Spell out the agenda of nation building that flows from these two statements. Which one appeals more to you and why ?

“In the history of nation-building only the Soviet experiment bears comparison with the Indian. There too, a sense of unity had to be forged between many diverse ethnic groups, religious, linguistic communities and social classes. The scale – geographic as well as demographic – was comparably massive. The raw material the state had to work with was equally unpropitious : a people divided by faith and driven by debt and disease. ”

—Ramachandra Guha

(a) List the commonalities that the author mentions between India and Soviet Union and give one example for each of these from India.

(b) The author does not talk about dissimilarities between the two experiments. Can you mention two dissimilarities ?

(c) In retrospect which of these two experiments worked better and why ?