NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chemistry Ii Chapter 16 Chemistry In Everyday Life

With reference to which classification has the statement 'Ranitidine is an antacid' been given. 

Why do we require artificial sweetening agents?

Write the chemical equation for preparing sodium soap from glyceryl oleate and glyceryl palmitate. Structure of these compounds are given below: 

Write the chemical equation for preparing sodium soap from glyceryl oleate and glyceryl palmitate. Structure of these compounds are given below:
 

Following type of non-ionic detergents are present in liquid detergents, emulsifying agents and wetting agents. Label the hydrophilic parts in the molecule. Identify the functional group(s) present in the molecule.

Define the term chemotherapy?

What is drug?

Name the macro-molecules that are chosen as drug targets.

Why should not medicines be taken without consulting doctors?

Name a substance which can be used as an antiseptic as well as disinfectant. 

What are the main constitutents of dettol?

What is tincture of iodine? What is its use?

What are food preservatives?

Name the sweetening agent used in the preparation of sweet for a diabetic patient.

Why should not medicines be taken without consulting doctors?

Explain why sweetener is predicted to become great commercial success.

If water contains dissolved calcium bicarbonate, out of soaps and synthetic detergents which one will you use for cleaning clothes?

Give one example of a substance used as narcotic.

Give one example of a tranquilizer.

What is the chemical name of aspirin?

Name the antibiotic used in the treatment of typhoid fever.

Give the name of the first antibiotic.

Give one example of a broadspectrum antibiotic.

Give names of two substances which are used to bring down the body temperature.

Name the chemical responsible for the antiseptic properties of dettol.

Write the names of two narcotics which are used as analgesics.

What is bithional and what is it used for?

What are hypnotics? Give an example.

Give one important use of streptomycin.

What kinds of medicines are given to agitated and violent patient?

Is Penicillin a broad specturm antibiotic? Name two semi-synthetic modification of penicillin.

While antacids and antiallergic drugs interfere with the functions of histamines, why do these not interfere with the function of each other?

What is Aspartame?

Give one important use of Mepro-bamate.

Why is bithional added to soaps?

What is the use of hydrogen peroxide in pharmacy?

What is Mifepristone? Give its medicinal effect.

Give any two examples of antihistamines.

Name the antibiotic which:
(i) inhibit the growth of the organism.
(ii) kills the organism.

Give an example of narrow spectrum antibiotic.

Give two examples of sulpha drugs.

What medicinal effect does the drugs omeprazole and lansoprozole have on the human beings?

Write the name of the medicine used for the treatment of each of the following diseases:
(i) Tuberculosis,                
(ii) Pneumonia

What does BHT and BHA stands for chemical used in food industry?

Why is BHA added to butter?

Which two substances are mainly used as anti-oxidants in wine, sugar syrup?

Name any two artifical sweeteners.

Why aspartame has a limited use?

Name the most common food preserative. Why is it added to food?

Give one advantage of detergents over soap.

How does the hard water affect the cleaning action of detergents?

Give one example of a cationic detergents. Write its structure also.

Give one example each for bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics.

What do you mean by the spectrum of antibiotic?

Draw the structure of paracetamol and write its IUPAC name.

What is the parent compound of sulpha drugs?

What do you mean by hypnotic drug?

What do you mean by anti depressants?

Give two uses of dettol.

What do you mean by food preservation?

What does sodium benzoate actually do when it is mixed with fruit juices or squash?

Name one acid preservative used to preserve the food.

Why does 70% sugar syrup act as a preservative?

Name one chemical which preserves colourless fruit juices.

What is the name given to medicines used for getting relief from pain?

What is the name of the alkaloid which is specifically used for treatment of malaria fever?

What type of drug is used in curing infectious diseases?

Why is paracetamol preferred to aspirin?

Name one estrogen which forms a part of an oral contraceptive.

Give the structure of an alkyl benzene sulphonate detergent.

What is the difference between a preservative and an antioxidant?

What is an alkaloid? Give one example of drug which belongs to alkaloid group.

Name a drug used in case of mental depression.

Why one should not take aspirin on empty-stomach?

What kind of medicines are given to patients of shattered confidence?

Chlordiazepoxide belongs to which category of drug?

Explain the term target molecules or drug targets as used in medicinal chemsitry.

Which forces are involved in holding the drugs to the active site of enzyme.

Amino acid serine, aspartic acid and phenylalanine are present on the active site of an enzyme. Explain which forces may be involved in bonding the drug to the enzyme if the drug inhibits the holding of the substrate on the active site of the enzyme.

With the help of examples, explain how do following type of drugs functions?
(i) Analgesics
(ii) Antacids
(iii) Antifertility drugs

Low level of noradrenaline is the cause of depression. What type of drugs are needed to cure this problem? Name two drugs.

Why are cimetidine and ranitidine better antacids than sodium hydrogencarbonate or magnesium or aluminium hydroxide?

Can aspartame be used as artifical sweetner by all people. Explain. 

What are artificial sweetening agents? Give two examples.

What are biodegradable and non-biodegradable detergents? Give one example of each.

Why do soaps not work in hard water?

Can you use soaps and synthetic detergents to check the hardness of water?

Explain the cleansing action of soaps.

Made an example and functon of the following:
(i) Tranquilizers
(li) Wide spectrum antibiotics

Sulpha drugs work like antibiotics but they are not antibiotics. Is this a valid statement and why? Give one example of sulpha drugs and antibiotics.

What is meant by chemotherapy? Write the chemical name of aspirin. What is it used for?

What are antibodies? How do they  fight a bacterium?

Define spectrum. Give two examples of each of:
(a) narrow-spectrum antibiotics
(b) broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Explain antipyretics and analgesics, and give one example of each.

State the function along with one example each of:
(i) Antihistamines,      (ii) Antioxidants

Why should aspirin cannot be taken on an empty stomach? What does it contain chemically? Draw its structure.

Why is it essential to test the patients for “allergy to penicillin”, before it is administered?

How do antipyretic and analgesic compounds help in cases of common sickness ? Give an example for each.

What are antiseptics? Give example of an antiseptic compound.

What are antipyretics? Give the name and structure of an antipyretic.

Describe the following with example in each case:
(i) Antioxidants.
(ii) Biodegradable detergents.

Describe the following with example in each case:
(i) Preservatives
(ii) Tranquilizers.

Define the following and given one example of each:
(i) Anti-histamines
(ii) Disinfectants
(iii) Antacids.

What is the difference between local and general anaesthetics? Name one chemical used in each case.

What is paracetamol? What medicinal effect does it produce in the human body?

Give the structure of sulphadiazine. Mention its uses.

How are antiseptics distinguished from disinfectants? Give two examples of each of the substances.

Describe the following with suitable examples of chemicals:
(i) Antipyretics
(ii) Antiseptics
(iii) Tranquilizers
(iv) Wide spectrum antibiotics

Name the action of the following on the human body:
(a) Aspirin
(b) Penicillin
(c) Phenacetin
(d) Morphine
(e) Analgin
(f) Laminal
(g) Sarconal
(h) Streptomycin.

Give one important use of each of the following:
(i) Bithional        
(ii) Chloroamphenicol
(iii) Streptomycin
(iv) Paracetamol.

Explain what do you understand by pathogens. How can we control the microbial diseases?

What is the basic structure of a detergent?

Explain what do you understand by spectrum of antibiotics. Give examples.

Explain the considerations in drug designing. 

Describe the following with suitable examples:
(i) Tranquilizers.
(ii) Antifertility drugs.
(iii) Antihistamines.

Describe the following with suitable examples:
(i) Preservative                  
(ii) Artificial sweeteners
(iii) Antioxidants                
(iv) Edible colours.

A substance used to relieve pain is called __________.

_____________ is used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.

A drug that has sedatative effect is called a _________.

Detergrent molecules associated with ___________ hydrocarbon tail is a source of pollution.

Alitame is an example of _________

Serotonin, meprobamate and valium are all examples of _________

Chlorine in concentration of 0.2 to 0.4 ppm is used as a _________.

The first antibiotic was discovered by __________.

Drugs are designed from __________ compounds.

The drugs given to the patients suffering from anxiety and mental tension are called __________.

State whether the following statements are True or False

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

State whether the following statements are True or False

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

• Aspirin
• Chloroquine
• Sulphadiazine
• paracetamol.

Which of the following is not an antibiotic?

• Terramycin
• Chloromycetin
• Morphin
• D-penicilamine.

Substances which bring body temperature down are known as:

• Antipyretics
• Analgesics
• Antibiotics
• None of these

Which of the following can act as an antiseptic as well as disinfectant?

• Aspirin

• Phenol

• Chlorine

• Dettol

Dettol is a mixture of terpeneol and

• Chloroxylenol
• p-chlorometaxylenol
• Chlorobenzene
• Acetone

Which of the following is a broad spectrum antibiotics?

• Penicillin

• Bithional

• Tetracycline

• All of these

Artificial sweetener is

• Saccharin 
• Altame
• Sucralose

• All of these

Which of the following is not a antihistamine?

• Chlorpheniramine
• Chloromycetin
• Diphenyl hydramine
• Promethazine.

Antioxidants used in food chemistry is

• Sodium benzoate

• Aspartame

• Tetrazine
• Butylated hydroxytoluene

Which of the following is used for the treatment of tuberculosis?

• Penicillin

• Aspirin

• Chloramphenicol

• Streptomycin

Name the chemical responsible for antiseptic properties of dettol.

What type of drug chloram phenicol is?

Name the broad spectrum antibiotic.

Give the structural formula of aspirin. Write its IUPAC name.

What are tranquilizers? Give two examples.

Is penicillin a broad spectrum antibiotic? Name two semisynthetic modifications of penicillin.

Name the medicine which can act as analgesic as well as antipyretic. Also write its chemical name and its structure.

Equanil belongs to which category of drug?

What kind of medicines are given to reduce mental tension and anxiety?

Name one medicinal compound each that is used to treat (i) hypertension, (ii) general body pain. 

Soap is a weak antiseptic. What may be added to soap to improve its antiseptic action?

Name two nacrotics which are used as analgesics.

Why is ethanol added to soap?

Name a broad spectrum antibiotic and state two diseases for which it is prescribed.

Describe the functions of antibiotics and antiseptics. Give one example of each.

Name the drug used in (i) typhoid, (ii) tuberculosis,  (iii) pneumonia.

How are antiseptics distinguished from disinfectants? Give two examples of each.

Give the structure of chloramphenicol. For which disease can it be used?

Describe the function of antibiotics and antiseptics.

Describe the following with suitable examples: (i) Preservatives, (ii) Tranquilizers.

Describe the following with examples : Antioxidants

What is antipyretics? 

What is paracetamol? What medicinal effect does it produce in the human body?

What are Narcotic analgesics drugs? Give two examples and uses?

Mr. Roy, the principal of one reputed school organized a seminar in which he invited parents and principals to discuss the serious issue of diabetes and depression in students. They all resolved this issue by strictly banning the junk food in schools and to introduce healthy snacks and drinks like soup, lassi, milk etc. in school canteens. They also decided to make compulsory half an hour physical activities for the students in the morning assembly daily. After six months, Mr. Roy conducted the health survey in most of the schools and discovered a tremendous improvement in the health of students.

After reading the above passage, answer the following:

(i) What are the values (at least two) displayed by Mr. Roy?

(ii) As a student, how can you spread awareness about this issue?

(iii) What are tranquillizers? Give an example.

(iv) Why is use of aspartame limited to cold foods and drinks?

What are isotonic solutions? 

Give two examples of macromolecules that are chosen as drug targets.

What is antiseptics? Give an example.

Why is the use of aspartame limited to cold foods and soft drinks?

After watching a programme on TV about the adverse effects of junk food and soft drinks on the health of school children, Sonali, a student of Class XII, discussed the issue with the school principal. Principal immediately instructed the canteen contractor to replace the fast food with the fibre and vitamins rich food like sprouts, salad, fruits etc. This decision was welcomed by the parents and the students. 

After reading the above passage, answer the following questions:

(a) What value are expressed by Sonali and the Principal of the school?

(b) Give two examples of water-soluble vitamins.

Which one of the following is a food preservative?  Equanil, Morphine, Sodium benzoate

Why is bithionol added to soap?

Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills?

What are the following substances? Give one example of each one of them.

 (i) Tranquilizers

 (ii) Food preservatives

 (iii) Synthetic detergents

Describe the following giving one example for each: 

 (i) Detergents 

(ii) Food preservatives 

(iii) Antacids