Neural Control And Coordination
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Given ahead is n incomplete table about certain hormones, their source glands and one major effect of each on the body in humans. Identify the correct option for the three blanks A, B and C.
Gland
Secretion
Effect on Body
A
Oestrogen
Maintenance of secondary sexual characters
Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans
B
Raise blood sugar level
Anterior pi- tuitary
C
Over secretion leads to gigantism
-
A
B
C
Placenta
Insulin
Vasopressin
-
A
B
C
Ovary
Insulin
Calcitonin
-
A
B
C
Placenta
Glucagon
Calcitonin
-
A
B
C
Ovary
Glucagon
Growth hormone
|
Gland |
Secretion |
Effect on Body |
|
A |
Oestrogen |
Maintenance of secondary sexual characters |
|
Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans |
B |
Raise blood sugar level |
|
Anterior pi- tuitary |
C |
Over secretion leads to gigantism |
|
A |
B |
C |
|
Placenta |
Insulin |
Vasopressin |
|
A |
B |
C |
|
Ovary |
Insulin | Calcitonin |
|
A |
B |
C |
|
Placenta |
Glucagon |
Calcitonin |
|
A |
B |
C |
|
Ovary |
Glucagon | Growth hormone |
D.
|
A |
B |
C |
|
Ovary |
Glucagon | Growth hormone |
The ovary is the primary female sex organ that produces the female gamete (ovum) and several steroid hormones (ovarian hormones). The two steroid hormones produced by ovary are oestrogen and progesterone. Oestrogens produced by ovary are oestrogen and progesterone. Oestrogens produce wide-ranging actions such as stimulation of growth and activities of females secondary sex organs, development of growing ovarian follicles, appearance of female secondary sex characters (e.g., high pitch of voice, etc.) mammary gland development oestrogens also regulate female sexual behaviour.
Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans of the endocrine pancreas secrete a hormone called glucagon. It is a peptide hormone and plays an important role in maintaining the normal blood glucose levels. It acts mainly on the liver cells (hepatocytes) and stimulates glycogenolysis resulting in an increased blood sugar (hyperglycemia). In addition, this hormone stimulates the process of gluconeogenesis which reduces the cellular glucose uptake and utilisation. Thus, glucagon is a hyperglycemic hormone.
The pars distalis region of pituitary commonly called produced anterior pituitary, Growth Hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH), Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Over secretion of GH stimulates the abnormal growth of the body leading to gigantism and low secretion of GH results in stunted growth resulting in pituitary dwarfism.
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A diagram showing axon terminal and synapse is given. Identify correctly at least two of A-D.

-
A – Receptor
C – Synaptic vesicles
-
B – Synaptic connection
D- K+
-
A – Neurotransmitter
B- Synaptic cleft
-
C – Neurotransmitter
D –Ca2+
A.
|
A – Receptor |
C – Synaptic vesicles |
A - receptor, B - synaptic cleft, C - synaptic vesicles and D - Ca2+
A gymnast is able to balance his body upside down ever in the total darkness because of
-
cochlea
-
vestibular apparatus
-
tectorial membrane
-
organ of Corti
B.
vestibular apparatus
Vestibular apparatus of membranous labyrinth is an intricate series of inter-connected and fluid-filled canals which regulates balance and spatial orientation in the absence of vision, the movement of body will be regulated only by vestibular apparatus.
The otolith organs (utricle and saccule) regulates linear acceleration and semicircular canals sense rotational acceleration in various directions.
The cochlea, tectorial membrane and organ of Corti are responsible for transduction of sound waves.
Biological organisation starts with
-
submicroscopic molecular level
-
cellular level
-
organismic level
-
atomic level
A.
submicroscopic molecular level
Biological organisation starts with submicroscopic molecular level, where four types of molecules, i.e. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acid are organised into organelles of cell.
Bowman's glands are found in
-
olfactory epithelium
-
external auditory canal
-
cortical nephrons only
-
juxtamedullary nephrons
A.
olfactory epithelium
Bowman's glands (olfactory glands) occur below the olfactory epithelia. Their ducts open on the olfactory epithelial surface. These glands secrete watery mucus to protect and keep the epithelium moist.
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