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Chemical Coordination and Integration

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Question
CBSEENBI11002329
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A chemical signal that has both endocrine and neural roles is?

  • melatonin

  • calcitionin

  • epinephrine

  • cortisol

Solution

C.

epinephrine

Epinephrine secreted from the medulla of adrenal gland acts as both, an endocrine hormone and as a neurotransmitter (produced at the ends of sympathetic never fibres).
Epinephrine as hormone accelerates metabolic rate for preparing us to face emergency situations.
As neurotransmitter, it transmits nerve impulse across a synaptic left. Calcitonin is released when Ca2+ level increases, melatonin causes concentration of pigment in melanocytes and cortisol is a glucocorticoid.

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Question
CBSEENBI11002708
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A decrease in blood pressure/volume will not cause the release of

  • Renin

  • Atrial Natriuretic Factor

  • Aldosterone

  • ADH

Solution

B.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor

A decrease in blood pressure / volume stimulates the release of renin, aldosterone, and ADH while increase in blood pressure / volume stimulates the release of Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) which cause vasodilation and also inhibits RAAS (Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System) mechanism that decreases the blood volume/pressure.

Question
CBSEENBI11002193
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A person entering an empty room suddenly finds a snake right in front on opening the door. Which one of the following is likely to happen in his neurohormonal control system?

  • Sympathetic nervous system is activated releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal medulla

  • Neurotransmitters diffuse rapidly across the cleft and transmit a nerve impulse

  • Hypothalamus activates the parasympathetic division of brain

  • Sympathetic nervous system is activated releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal cortex

Solution

A.

Sympathetic nervous system is activated releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal medulla

Epinephrine and nor-epinephrine are secreted by adrenal medulla (under the control of sympathetic nervous system) in response to stress of any kind or during the emergency situations. These are also called emergency hormones or hormones of flight, fight and fright (triple F hormone).

Question
CBSEENBI11002612
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A person is having problems with calcium and phosphorus metabolism in his body. Which one of following glands may not be functioning properly?

  • Parathyroid

  • Parotid

  • Pancreas

  • Thyroid

Solution

A.

Parathyroid

The parathormone secreted by parathyroid hormone regulates the calcium and phosphate balance between the blood and other tissues.

Question
CBSEENBI11002104
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A pregnant female delivers a baby, who suffer from stunted growth, mental retardation low intelligence quotient and abnormal skin. This is the result of 

  • deficiency of iodine in diet

  • low secretion of growth hormone

  • cancer of the thyroid glad

  • over secretion of pars distalis

Solution

A.

deficiency of iodine in diet

Hypothyroidism during pregnancy causes defective development and maturation of the growing foetus leading to stunted growth. Low secretion of GH results in stunted growth. Low secretion of GH result in stunted growth resulting in pituitary dwarfism. Paras distalis or anterior pituitary producers Growth hormone. prolactin (PRL), thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH), Luteinising Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH).

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