Electrochemistry

More Topic from Chemistry

Question 1

A button cell used in watches functions as following
Zn space left parenthesis straight s right parenthesis space plus Ag subscript 2 straight O space left parenthesis straight s right parenthesis space plus straight H subscript 2 straight O space left parenthesis straight l right parenthesis space rightwards harpoon over leftwards harpoon space 2 space Ag space left parenthesis straight s right parenthesis space plus Zn to the power of 2 plus end exponent space left parenthesis aq right parenthesis space plus 2 OH to the power of minus space left parenthesis aq right parenthesis
If space half minus cell space potentials space are
Zn to the power of 2 plus end exponent space left parenthesis aq right parenthesis space plus 2 straight e to the power of minus space rightwards arrow space Zn left parenthesis straight s right parenthesis semicolon space straight E to the power of 0 equals space minus 0.76 space straight V
Ag subscript 2 straight O space left parenthesis straight s right parenthesis space plus straight H subscript 2 straight O space left parenthesis straight l right parenthesis space plus 2 straight e to the power of minus rightwards arrow 2 Ag space left parenthesis straight s right parenthesis space plus 2 OH to the power of minus space left parenthesis aq right parenthesis space left parenthesis straight E to the power of 0 space equals space 0.34 space straight V right parenthesis
The cell potential will be

  • 1.10 V

  • 0.42 V

  • 0.84 V

  • 1.34 V

Solution

A.

1.10 V

Anode is always the site of oxidation thus anode half cell is 
Zn2+ (aq) +2e- --> Zn (s); E0 =-0.76 V
Cathode half cell is 
Ag2O (s) +H2O (l) +2e- ---> 2Ag(s) +2OH- (aq); E0 =0.34 V
E0cell = E0cathode -E0anode 
 = 0.34 -(-0.76) = +1.10 V

Question 2

A device that converts energy of combustion of fuels like hydrogen and methane, directly into electrical energy is known as

  • fuel cell

  • electrolytic cell

  • dynamo

  • Ni-Cd cell

Solution

A.

fuel cell

A fuel cell is a device that converts the energy of combustion of fuels like hydrogen and methane, directly into electrical energy. 
Electrolytic cell converts electrical energy into chemical energy. Dynamo is an electrical generator that produces direct current with the use of a commutator.
Ni-Cd cell is the type of rechargeable battery which consists of a cadmium anode and a metal grid containing NiO2 acting as a cathode.

Question 3

A hypothetical electrochemical cell is shown below
A- | A+ (xM)|| B+ (yM)|B+

The emf measured is +0.20 V. The cell reaction is:

  • A+ + B  →  A + B+

  • A+ + e-  →  A ; B+ + e-  → B-

  • the cell reaction cannot be predicted

  •  A+ + B  →  A+ + B

Solution

D.

 A+ + B  →  A+ + B

Electrochemical cell
A0 | A+ (xM) ||B+ yM) B+
The emf of cell is +.20 V. so cell reaction  is possible. The half  cell reaction are given as follows:


(i) At negative pole:
A → A+ + e- (oxidation)
(ii) At positive pole:
B+ + e-  → B  (reduction)
Hence, Cell reaction is
A +B- → A+ + B-, Ecello = + 0.20 V
Question 4

A solution contains Fe2+ Fe3+, and I- ions. This solution was treated with iodine at 35o C.Eo for Fe3+/ Fe2+ is +0.77 V and Eo for I2/ 2 I- = 0.536 V. The favourable redox reaction is 

  • I2 will be reduced to I-

  • There will be No redox reaction

  • I- will be oxidised to I2

  • Fe2+ will be oxidised to Fe3+

Solution

C.

I- will be oxidised to I2

  2 space straight I to the power of minus space rightwards arrow space straight I subscript 2 space plus space 2 straight e to the power of minus space left parenthesis oxidation space half space minus space reaction right parenthesis
space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space straight E subscript oxidation superscript straight o space equals space minus 0.536 space straight V

Fe to the power of 3 plus end exponent space plus space straight e to the power of minus space space rightwards arrow space Fe to the power of 2 plus end exponent space left parenthesis reduction space half space minus space reaction right parenthesis
space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space straight E subscript reduction superscript straight o space equals negative space 0.77 space straight V
______________________________________
space 2 Fe to the power of 3 plus end exponent space plus space 2 straight I to the power of minus space rightwards arrow space 2 space Fe to the power of 2 plus end exponent space plus space straight I subscript 2 semicolon
straight E to the power of straight o space equals space straight E subscript oxidation superscript straight o space plus space straight E subscript reduction superscript straight o
plus space ve
So comma space reaction space will space take space place.


plus space 2 space straight I to the power of minus space rightwards arrow space

Question 5

Al2O3 is reduced by electrolysis at low potentials and high currents. If 4.5 x 104 An of current is passed through molten Al2O3 for 6h, what mass of aluminium is produced? (Assume 100% current efficiency, at.mass of Al = 27 g mol-1)

  • 9.0 x 103 g

  • 8.1 x 104 g

  • 2.4 x 105

  • 1.3 x 104 g

Solution

B.

8.1 x 104 g

Al2O3 ionises as, 
Al subscript 2 straight O subscript 3 space leftwards harpoon over rightwards harpoon space Al to the power of plus subscript cathode space plus space stack AlO subscript 3 superscript 3 minus end superscript with Anode below
At space Cathode
Al to the power of 3 plus end exponent space plus space stack 3 straight e to the power of minus with 3 straight F below space rightwards arrow stack space Al with 27 below

because space Mass space of space aluminium space deposited space by space 3 space straight F space of space
electricity space equals space 27
4.0 space straight x space 10 to the power of 4 space straight x space 6 space straight x space 3600 space straight C space of space electricy

space equals space fraction numerator 27 space straight x space 4.0 space straight x space 10 to the power of 4 straight x space 6 space straight x space 3600 over denominator 3 straight F end fraction
space equals space fraction numerator 27 space straight x space 4.0 space straight x space 10 to the power of 4 space straight x space 6 space straight x space 3600 over denominator 3 space straight x space 96500 end fraction straight g
space equals space 8.1 space straight x space 10 to the power of 4 space straight g