The senior citizen lacks lower body flexibility.

Muscles hypertrophy is a term for the growth and increase of the size of muscle cells.

Harvard step test is a cardiovascular fitness test.It is also called aerobic fitness test.It was developed by Brouha and others in 1943.It is used to measure the cardiovascular fitness by checking the recovery rate.
Equipments required-A gym bench or box of 20 inches high for men and 16 inches for women,a stop watch and cadence tape.
Procedure-The athelete stand in front of the box.on the command 'go'the athelete steps up and down on the box at a rate of 30 steps per mintues.the heartbeat are counted for 30 seconds period.
Advantages-1.Minimum equipments are required for conducting this test.
2.It requires minimal cost
3.It is simple to set up and conduct.
Disadvantages-1.The height of the box remain same for tall individual and short individuals.
2.It will be easy for tall individuals and difficult for short individuals.

This test consists of six items. These tests are supposed to measure the minimum muscular fitness of an individual. In fact, they measure the level of strength and flexibility of certain key muscle groups below which the functioning of the whole body as a healthy individual seems to be endangered. These tests are graded on a pass-fail basis. But partial movements on each test can be scored from 0 to 10.

The administration of these tests are as follows:

Test No.1: The subject lies down in supine position i.e., flat on his back and hands behind his neck. The examiner holds his feet to keep him on the ground. The subject is asked to perform one sit-up. If he performs one sit-up, he passes this test. If he cannot raise his shoulders from the table or ground, his score remains zero.

Test No.2: The lying position for this test remains same i.e., in supine position except that his knees are bent and ankles remain in touch with his buttocks. He is asked to perform one sit-up. If he is able to perform full sit-up, he passes this test. If he is unable to raise his shoulders from the table or ground, he gets zero.

Test No.3: The subject lies in supine position i.e., lies flat on his back with his hands behind the neck. He is asked to raise his feet 10 inches from the ground. His knees should be straight. The examiner counts to 10 seconds. He passes this test if he holds that position for ten seconds. Scoring from 0-10 depends on the number of seconds he holds the appropriate position.

Test No.4: The subject lies in prone position i.e., on his stomach with a pillow under his lower abdomen and his hands behind his neck. The examiner holds his feet down. The subject is asked to raise his chest, head and shoulders, while the examiner counts to 10 seconds. He passes this test if he is able to hold the exact position up to 10 seconds. Scoring from 0-10 depends on the number of seconds he holds the exact position.

Test No.5: The subject’s position remains the same, but the examiner holds his chest down. The subject is asked to raise his feet. His knees should be straight. The examiner counts to 10 seconds. Scoring from 0-10 depends on the number of seconds he holds the position.

Test No.6: It is also known as floor-touch test. It measures the flexibility of trunk. The subject stands erect, bare-footed, hands at sides and feet together. He is asked to lean down slowly to touch the floor with fingertips for 3 seconds. In this test bouncing or jerking is not allowed. The examiner holds his knees in order to prevent any bend, if it occurs. Scoring from 0-10 depends on the number of seconds he holds the position.