Question

Why did Britain sign the Anglo-Japanese treaty of 1902? What was the importance of this treaty for Japan?

Solution

Britain signed the Anglo-Japanese Alliance of 1902 to check Russian influence in China. By signing this treaty, Japan was also recognised as an imperialist power.

Question

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What was the importance of Japan's rise as great power for the Asian continent ?

Solution

It strengthened the forces of nationalism in the Asian countries. The victory of Japan over Russia was considered as a victory of the non-white country over a white country. It gave the Asians a sense of pride.

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Who was the President of the Chinese Revolutionary League ? What were its guiding principles?

Solution

Sun Yat Sen was the President of Chinese Revolutionary League. The three guiding principles of this league were nationalism, democracy and livelihood.

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Describe the examination system in China.

Solution

The Examination System:

i. Entry to the elite ruling class (about 1.1 million till 1850) had been largely through an examination. This required writing an eight-legged essay in classical Chinese in a prescribed form.
ii. The examination was held twice every three years, at different levels and of those allowed to sit only 1-2 percent passed the first level, usually at the age of 24, to become what was called ‘beautiful talent’.
iii. At any given time before 1850, there were about 526,869 civil and 212,330 military provincials (sheng yuan) degree holders in the whole country. Since there were only 27,000 official positions, many lower-level degree holders did not have jobs.
iv. The examination acted as a barrier to the development of science and technology as it demanded only literary skills. In 1905, it was abolished as it was based on skills in classical Chinese learning that had, it was felt, no relevance for the modern world.

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Why did Britain sign the Anglo-Japanese treaty of 1902? What was the importance of this treaty for Japan?

What was the importance of Japan's rise as great power for the Asian continent ?

Who was the President of the Chinese Revolutionary League ? What were its guiding principles?

Describe the examination system in China.

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