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State two underlying principles of Fascism.
i. Opposition to democracy, rights and liberties of the people.
ii. Absence of oppositions.
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Mention two underlying similarities between Fascism and Nazism.
i. They were against democracy.
ii. They laid stress on duties and obligation.
State two similarities between Nazism and Fascism.
i. They were against the democracy.
ii. They laid great emphasis on the duties of the citizens.
In the post World War I scenario, Italy and Germany experienced the rise of dictatorships. In this contetext, explain :
Any three circumstances that led to the rise of Fascism in Italy.
Its rise across Europe was fuelled by harsh economic conditions and popular unrest.
1. It was a reaction to the frightening, dehumanising characteristics of industrialisation. Fascism sought to fuse the benefits of modern society with a traditional moral order centred upon wholesome family virtues. Fascist imagery is rife with depictions of happy domestic families in traditional national garb.
2. It articulated and reaffirmed national identity during a time of widespread confusion and disorientation in Europe.Modern Europe owes its crystallised national units and identities in part to the vocal self-identification of the fascist movements and the debates and discussions they provoked.
3. It arose out of the trauma of WWI. WWI had started as a traditional European springtime war, but quickly devolved into an industrialised nightmare of carnage and chemical warfare. The men who returned from the trenches of WWI had, effectively, been brutalised.
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