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Reproduction in Plants
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called ________.
(b) A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called _________.
(c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of another flower of the same kind is known as _________.
(d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as __________.
(e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of _________, _________ and _________.
vegetative propagation
,unisexual
,pollination
,fertilisation
,wind, water and animals
Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction. Give examples.
The various modes of asexual reproduction in plants are as follows:
(i)Vegetative propagation: It is the ability of a plant to produce new plants from roots, stems, leaves, and buds. Vegetative propagation is divided into two types.
• Natural vegetative propagation: This type of vegetative propagation occurs easily in nature and involves simple vegetative parts. Potato plant sprouting from an eye is a common example.
• Artificial vegetative propagation: This type of vegetative propagation is performed manually and generally occurs in laboratory conditions. The formation of a complete plant from a stem cutting of rose is a common example of this method.
(ii) Budding:It involves the formation of a new individual from a bulb-like projection called a bud. The bud grows and gets detached from the parent to form a new individual. It is commonly observed in yeast.
(iii)Fragmentation:It is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism is formed from the fragments of the parent body. It is the only mode of asexual reproduction in Spirogyra.
(iv)Spore formation:Many non-flowering plants reproduce through spore formation. Spores are tiny cells protected by a thick wall. Fungi such as bread moulds reproduce asexually using this method.
Explain what you understand by sexual reproduction.
Sexual reproduction is a process which involves production of seeds. It requires two parents. Most plants reproduce sexually with the help of flowers. The main function of a flower is to reproduce and therefore develop new seeds that can grow into new plants.
State the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction.
Differences between sexual and asexual reproduction:
|
Asexual reproduction |
Sexual reproduction |
|
It requires only one parent. |
It requires two parents. |
|
In asexual reproduction, newly developed plants are identical to the parent and to each other. |
In sexual reproduction, newly developed plants are not identical to parents. |
|
Special reproductive parts are not required for asexual reproduction. |
Flower is the reproductive part of a plant which contains the sexual organs of a plant. These are important for sexual reproduction. |
|
Examples are yeast, rose, jasmine, potato, etc. |
Examples are flowering plants, such as Hibiscus, corn, papaya, etc. |
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