Cultural Change

Question
CBSEENSO12045115

What did M.N. Srinivas means by Sanskritisation and de-snaskritisation?

Solution

Sanskritisation refers to a process whereby members of a (usually middle or lower) Caste attempt to raise their own social status by adopting the ritual, domestic and social practices of a caste (or Castes) of a higher status.
De-sanskritisation: The regions where non-Sanskritic caste was dominant, it was their influence that was stronger. This can be termed as the process of 'De-Sankritisation'.

Question
CBSEENSO12045125

The varied social reform movements did have common themes, yet they were different. Comment.

Solution

  1. Although several social reform movement aimed at 'upliftment', they were different as they focused on varied issues of Indian societies like
    social evils, women, caste exploitation, birth-based privileges, polygamy,
    purdah, discrimination etc.
  2. For some the concerns were confined to the problems that the upper caste, middle-class women and men faced.
  3. For others the injustices suffered by the discriminated castes were central questions. For some social evils had emerged because of a decline of the true spirit of Hinduism.
  4. The Muslim Social reformers actively debated and discussed the meaning of polygamy and purdah. Jahanara Shah Nawas proposed a resolution against the evils of polygamy at the All India Muslim Ladies Conference.

Question
CBSEENSO12045144

What do you understand by the term 'social structure'?

Solution

The term social structure is understood as continuing arrangement of persons in a relationship defined or controlled by various institutions and culture as socially established norms or patterns of behaviour.

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Question
CBSEENSO12045155

Define westernization. Describe some of its forms.

Solution

  1. M.N. Srinivas defines westernisation as “the changes brought about in Indian society and culture as a result of over 150 years of British rule, the term subsuming changes occurring at different levels…technology, institutions, ideology and values”.
  2. The process of Westernisation had different kinds. One kind refers to the emergence of a westernised sub-cultural pattern through a minority section of Indians who first came in contact with Western culture. 
  3. The Indian intellectuals who not only adopted many cognitive patterns or ways of thinking and styles of life but also gave support to its expansion. There were many early 19th Century reformers of this type.
  4. Westernisation does involve the imitation of external forms of culture. It does not necessarily mean that people adopt modern values of democracy and equality.

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