The regime established by Augustus, the first emperor, in 27 BCE was called the ‘Principate’.

The Republic was the name for a regime in which the reality of power lay with the Senate, a body dominated by a small group of wealthy families who formed the ‘nobility’. In practice, the Republic represented the government of the nobility, exercised through the body called the Senate. The Republic lasted from 509 BC to 27 BC, when it was overthrown by Octavian, the adopted son and heir of Julius Caesar, who later changed his name to Augustus. Membership of the Senate was for life, and wealth and office-holding counted for more.

Saint Augustine (354-430) was bishop of the North African city of Hippo from 396 and a towering figure in the intellectual history of the Church.

Bishops were the most important religious figures in a Christian community, and often very powerful.

The word Pax-Romana means the period of peace and prosperity in Rome. This period existed in Rome under Emperor Augustus Octavian.

Roman's contribution:

1. The Roman laws are the basis of the law of many European countries.

2. The Roman Code of Laws was made by emperor Justinian on this basis, the laws of Germany, France, Italy and Spain were made England also got great help from this Code of Laws.

3. The greatest contribution of Roman intelligence is their law. Their law was based on reasoning. 
At first Kingship was established in Rome. Many centuries later Democratic Government was formed in Rome.