Chemical Reactions and Equations

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Question
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What are some of the waste materials that we generate in our homes?

Solution

Some of the the waste materials that we generate in our homes are :
Spoilt food, vegetable peels, plastic, PUC, used tea leaves, milk packets, empty cartons, used cloths, paper waste, empty medicine bottles, broken foot wear, etc.

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Question
CBSEENSC10013958

How much time does it take for certain commonly used products to biodegrade, when they are scattered around as litter?

Solution

The following chart shows the time taken for commonly used materials to biodegrade:

Item

Time taken to biodegrade

Cotton rags

1-5 months

Paper

2-5 months

Rope

3-14 months

Orange peels

6 months

Wool socks

1-5 years

Plastic coated paper milk cartons

5 years

Leather shoes

25-40 years

Nylon fabric

30-40 years

Tin cans

50-100 years

Aluminium cans

80-100 years

Glass bottles

1 million years

Plastic bottles

Do not biodegrade at all

 

Question
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The food we eat is digested by various enzymes in our body. Why the same enzyme does not breakdown everything we eat? What significance does this have for degradation of waste material?

Solution

Enzymes are specific in their action, specific enzymes are needed for breakdown of a particular substance. For example, pepsin is needed to breakdown proteins while lipase is needed to digest fats. Because enzymes are specific in their action many human made materials like plastics cannot be broken down by bacteria and other saprophytes. These materials will be acted upon by physical processes like heat and pressure but under the conditions found on the earth these materials persist for a long time.

Question
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Mention some substances that are biodegradable?

Solution

Spoiled food, used tea leaves, vegetable peels, cotton rags, waste paper were biodegradable materials.