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Confrontation of Cultures

    • Question 1
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    What do you know about Mayas? Describe. 

    Solution
    i. The Mayan culture of Mexico developed remarkably between the eleventh and fourteenth centuries, but in the sixteenth century, they had less political power than the Aztecs.

    ii. Corn cultivation was central to their culture, and many religious ceremonies were centred on the planting, growing and harvesting of corn.

    iii. Efficient agricultural production generated a surplus, which helped the ruling classes, priests and chiefs to invest in architecture and in the development of astronomy and mathematics.

    iv. The Mayas devised a pictographic form of writing that has only been partially deciphered.

    Tips: -

    (V.Imp)
    Question 2
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    Why did the food-producing stage in some parts of Africa start later than in some other parts of the world?

    Solution
    The reasons are: 
    1. Barren Land : The land in Africa was not fertile. There were no means of irrigation. Agriculture developed there very late.

    2. Dense Forests: There were many dense forests in Africa. It was necessary to clear the forests to make the land fit for agriculture. It was not easy to clear the forests.

    3. No Knowledge of Metals: The African learnt the knowledge of metals very late. They worked with stone weapons. It was not easy to clear the forests with these weapons.
    Question 3
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    Enumerate the impact of Geographical Discoveries of the 16th Century.

    Solution

    The impacts: 


    1. Establishing of Trade Companies and Colonies: The Geographical discoveries led to the creation of an intimate relationship between sailors and the traders.

    The Europeans, Portuguese, the English, French and the Dutch established their companies to trade with India. They also built their empires in America.


    2. Slave Trade: These voyages encourages to the slave trade.


    3. Spread of European Civilization: The Europeans not only established their companies and colonies but also spread their civilisation in several other countries.


    4. Prosperity: The discoveries of new lands and sea routes promoted trade and made many countries prosperous.


    5. Exchange of Knowledge: The new discoveries enlightened the people. Their outlook was broadened and they gave up their silly faiths and hollow superstitions. Thus, it helped in bringing about the Modern Age.

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     (Imp.)
    Question 4
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    What was Reconquista? 

    Solution

    Reconquista was the military reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula by Christian kings from the Arabs in 1492.

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