Globalisation and The Indian Economy

  • Question 1
    CBSEENSS10016096

    What do you understand by globalisation? Explain in your own words.

    Solution
    Globalisation is the process of rapid integration or interconnection between countries.
    Question 2
    CBSEENSS10016097

    What was the reason for putting barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment by the Indian government? Why did it wish to remove these barriers?

    Solution
    The Indian government, after Independence, had put barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment.

    (i)This was considered necessary to protect the producers within the country from foreign competition.

    (ii)Industries were just coming up in the 1950s and 1960s, and competition from imports at that stage would not have allowed these industries to come up. 

    (iii)Starting around 1991, some farreaching changes in policy were made in India. The government decided that the time had come for Indian producers to compete with producers around the globe.

    (iv)It felt that competition would improve the performance of producers within the country since they would have to improve their quality.

    (v)This decision was supported by powerful international organisations.

    Thus, barriers on foreign trade and foreign investment were removed to a large extent.
    Question 3
    CBSEENSS10016098

    How would flexibility in labour laws help companies?

    Solution
    Government has also allowed flexibility in the labour laws to attract foreign investment

    Instead of hiring workers on a regular basis, companies hire workers ‘flexibly’ for short periods when there is intense pressure of work. This is done to reduce the cost of labour for the company.
    Question 4
    CBSEENSS10016099

    What are the various ways in which MNCs set up, or control production in other countries?

    Solution
    The ways are:

    (i)MNCs set up production where it is close to the markets; where there is skilled and unskilled labour available at low costs; and where the availability of other factors of production is assured.

    (ii)In addition, MNCs might look for government policies that look after their interests.

    (iii)MNCs set up production jointly with some of the local companies of these countries. But the most common route for MNC investments is to buy up local companies and then to expand production.

    (iv)Large MNCs in developed countries place orders for production with small producers. Garments, footwear, sports items are examples of industries where production is carried out by a large number of small producers around the world.

    (v)The products are supplied to the MNCs, which then sell these under their own brand names to the customers. 

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