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Metals and Non-metals

    • Question 1
    CBSEENSC10011075
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    What are metals?

    Solution
    i) A solid material which is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity (e.g. iron, gold, silver, and aluminium, and alloys such as steel.

    ii) Metals are the elements which can easily form positive ions by losing electrons, e.g., magnesium (Mg) is a metal which forms positive ions, Mg    2+ by losing 2 electrons.
    Question 2
    CBSEENSC10011076
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    Give important physical characteristics of metals.

    Solution

    Important physical properties of metal.

    (i) Conduction of heat and electricity: Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.

    (ii) Metallic lustre: Metals have shining surface.

    (iii) Strength: Metals have high tensile strength.

    (iv) Melting points and boiling points: Except sodium and potassium, metals have very high melting points and boiling points. Iron melts at 1539°C.

    (v) Malleability and ductility: Metals can be drawn into thin wires (ductile) and can also be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer (malleable).

    (vi) Densities: Except sodium and potassium, metals are quite hard and have high densities.

    Question 3
    CBSEENSC10011077
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    What do you understand by malleability and ductility of a metal? Give examples of two metals which are both ductile and malleable.

    Solution

    Malleability is the property of a metal by virtue of which it can be beaten into thin sheets and foils.
    Gold and silver are the most malleable metals.

    Ductility is the property of a metal by virtue of which it can be drawn into wires.
    For example, copper and aluminium are both malleable and ductile.

    Question 4
    CBSEENSC10011078
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    Define the terms:  (i) Thermal conductivity     (ii) Electrical conductivity.

    Solution

    (i) Thermal conductivity is the ability of a material to conduct heat from the hot end to the cold end. Silver is the best conductor of heat. So it has the highest thermal conductivity.

    (ii) Electrical conductivity is the ability of a material to conduct electricity. A material which allows electric current to pass through it with minimum loss is called a good conductor of electricity. Silver is the best electric conductor followed by copper, gold and aluminium.

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