The Solid State

  • Question 133
    CBSEENCH12005481

    Explain the following terms with suitable examples:
    'Schottky defect'

    Solution

    Schottky defects : When cations and anions both are missing from regular sites, the defect is called Schottky Defect. In Schottky Defects, the number of missing cations is equal to the number of missing anions in order to maintain the electrical neutrality of the ionic compound.

    Schottky Defect is type of simple vacancy defect and shown by ionic solids having cations and anions; almost similar in size, such as NaCl, KCl, CsCl, etc. AgBr shows both types of defects, i.e. Schottky and Frenkel Defects.

    Since, Schottky Defects arises because of mission of constituent particles, thus it decreases the density of ionic compound.

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    Question 134
    CBSEENCH12005482

    Explain the following term with suitable examples:
    'Frenkel defect'

    Solution

    It is a type of vacancy defect. In ionic compounds, some of the ions (usually smaller in size) get dislocated from their original site and create defect. This defect is known as Frenkel Defects. Since this defect arises because of dislocation of ions, thus it is also known as Dislocation Defects. As there are a number of cations and anions (which remain equal even because of defect); the density of the substance does not increase or decrease.

    Ionic compounds; having large difference in the size between their cations and anions; show Frenkel Defects, such as ZnS, AgCl, AgBr, AgI, etc. These compounds have smaller size of cations compared to anions.

    Question 135
    CBSEENCH12005483

    Explain the following term with suitable examples:
    'Interstitials'.

    Solution
    Interstitials – Sometime in the formation of lattice structure some of the atoms or ions occupy vacant interstitial site, and are known as interstitials. These interstitials are generally small size non-metals, such as H, B, C, etc. Defect arises because of interstitials is called interstitial defect.
    Question 136
    CBSEENCH12005484

    Explain the following term with suitable examples:
    'F-centres'.

    Solution
    F-centres – This is type of defect and called metal excess defect. These type of defects seen because of missing of anions from regular site leaving a hole which is occupied by electron to maintain the neutrality of the compound. Hole occupied by electron is called F-centre and responsible for showing colour by the compound. example sodium chloride impart yellow colour beacuse of F centre .

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